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Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA (DNlite-DKD) Product Announcement

by Eagle Biosciences

Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA New Product Announcement

Eagle Biosciences is excited to partner with BPM and support the Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA (DNlite-DKD)!

About Fetuin A (PTM)

The unique Fetuin A post translation modifications measured in this assay were identified in a large-scale profiling of urinary proteomics. This new biomarker can help predict the kidney condition of diabetes patients, months to years in advanced. This urine test can help predict kidney decline or complications and potentially improve a patient with diabetic kidney disease quality of care.

Principle of the Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA

The Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA (unique Fetuin-A with specific post translational modification (PTM) for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)) is a competitive immunoassay. In this Fetuin A (PTM) ELISA, calibrators or unknown urine samples are mixed with anti-unique PTM Fetuin-A monoclonal antibody (mAb), and then incubated in a microplate pre-bounded with unique PTM Fetuin-A. The monoclonal antibody recognizes unique PTM Fetuin-A in calibrators or unknown samples under competition in microplate wells. After an incubation, an Horseradish Peroxide (HRP) conjugated secondary antibody is added, followed by an incubation with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. Their relative reactivity is determined by absorbance measurement at 450 nanometers (nm) and plotted by comparison with a predetermined unique PTM Fetuin-A calibration curve.

Benefits of the Assay

    • Fewer Steps
    • Shorter processing times – ever for high-throughput samples

If you have any questions about this kit or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

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TDM Assays Highlight!

by Eagle Biosciences

TDM Assay Highlight
Eagle Biosciences is proud to highlight our extensive range of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) Assays!

Why use TDM Assays?

TDM Assays for biosimilars and biologics are developed primarily for the studies and development of drugs and vaccines in specific therapeutics and therapeutic pathways. They are utilized by pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, as well as universities and other researchers to aide in a wide variety of research fields.

About TDM Assays

It has long been acknowledged that data on different drug and target species (e.g., free vs total levels of drug target as two possible biomarkers) may satisfy different needs. Depending on the information required for decision-making, the data required and hence the selection of assay (free, total or both) may differ at each phase of drug development.

Free drug levels reflect the availability of the active drug, while the total or bound drug complex is of importance when checking for efficacy or dynamic interactions of the drug, and for other PK/PD assessments. Thus, it is important to understand the information needed at different stages of drug development.

We offer a wide range of products to measure free and partially bound drug, as well as total drug (free, bound, partially bound), and the bound drug complex.

And we’ll be expanding our extensive line in the future!

If you have any questions about our TDM Assay Kits or our other offerings, contact us here.

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Serotonin ELISA Assay Kit Highlighted in Recent Publication

by Eagle Biosciences

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin ELISA Assay Kit was highlighted in a recent publication on the selective, ultra-sensitive, and rapid detection of serotonin by an optimized ZnO Nanorod FET biosensor. Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Background: Fluctuation in serotonin (5-HT) level is an essential manifestation of several neurological disorders. In view of such importance, it is necessary to monitor the levels of 5-HT with good sensitivity, selectivity, affordability and low response time. Zinc oxide (ZnO) based field effect transistors (FET) with attributes like minimized noise levels and large on-off ratio are regarded as emerging high performance biosensor platforms. However, their response is significantly non-linear and there has been no appreciable endeavor for improving the non-linearity. Method: In this paper, we have introduced embedded gate electrode encompassing the channel of the FET which improves the uniformity in electric field line distribution through the electrolyte and proportionately enhances the capture of target biomolecule at ultra-low concentrations, thereby increasing the linearity. Further, we have incorporated the optimized parameters of ZnO nanorods reported previously, for rapid and selective detection of 5-HT. Results: It has been observed that the fabricated ZnO FET biosensor lowers the detection limit down to 0.1fM which is at least one order of magnitude lower than the existing reports. The sensor also has wide linear range from 0.1fM to 1nM with a detection time of about 20 minutes. Conclusion: The proposed zinc oxide nanorod-based sensor can be used as an excellent tool for future diagnosis of neurological disorders.

Sinha K., Chakraborty B., Chaudhury S.S., et al. Selective, Ultra-sensitive and Rapid Detection of Serotonin by Optimized ZnO Nanorod FET Biosensor. IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

If you have any questions about the Serotonin ELISA Assay Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

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SLPI Biomarker Spotlight

by Eagle Biosciences

The Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor Protein (SLPI) is a secreted inhibitor that protects epithelial tissues from serine proteases. It is found in various secretions including seminal plasma, cervical mucus, and bronchial secretions, and has an affinity for trypsin, leukocyte elastase, and cathepsin G. Its inhibitory effect contributes to the immune response by protecting epithelial surfaces from attack by endogenous proteolytic enzymes. The SLPI protein is also thought to have broad-spectrum antibiotic activity.

SLPI has been known by many names, including Antileukoproteinase protein, ALP Protein, ALK1 protein, BLPI protein, HUSI protein, HUSI-I protein, MPI protein, WAP4 protein, WFDC4 protein.

A study was published from Acta Biomaterialia, on oral junctional epithelium for surface-mediated soft tissue attachment to prevent failure of percutaneous devices.  Check out the full text article here.

Abstract

Teeth, long-lasting percutaneous organs, feature soft tissue attachment through adhesive structures, hemidesmosomes, in the junctional epithelium basement membrane adjacent to teeth. This soft tissue attachment prevents bacterial infection of the tooth despite the rich – and harsh – microbial composition of the oral cavity. Conversely, millions of percutaneous devices (catheters, dental, and orthopedic implants) fail from infection yearly. Standard of care antibiotic usage fuels antimicrobial resistance and is frequently ineffective. Infection prevention strategies, like for dental implants, have failed in generating durable soft tissue adhesion – like that seen with the tooth – to prevent bacterial colonization at the tissue-device interface. Here, inspired by the impervious natural attachment of the junctional epithelium to teeth, we synthesized four cell adhesion peptide (CAPs) nanocoatings, derived from basement membranes, to promote percutaneous device soft tissue attachment. The two leading nanocoatings upregulated integrin-mediated hemidesmosomes, selectively increased keratinocyte proliferation compared to fibroblasts, which cannot form hemidesmosomes, and expression of junctional epithelium adhesive markers. CAP nanocoatings displayed marked durability under simulated clinical conditions and the top performer CAP nanocoating was validated in a percutaneous implant murine model. Basement membrane CAP nanocoatings, inspired by the tooth and junctional epithelium, may provide an alternative anti-infective strategy for percutaneous devices to mitigate the worldwide threat of antimicrobial resistance.

About the SLPI Protein ELISA Assay

  • Sample Size – 50 µL
  • Sample Type – Serum
  • Incubation Time – 2.5 hours

If you have any questions about this product or our other offerings, contact us here.

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GA-map Dysbiosis Test Featured on Dr. Ruscio Radio

by Eagle Biosciences

GA-map Dysbiosis Test

Understanding the Microbiome with Pioneering Research at Genetic Analysis

Anita Jusnes and Christin Casén of Genetic Analysis AS were recently featured on Dr. Ruscio Radio! They discuss with Dr. Ruscio the GA-Map Dysbiosis Test Lx, the only research dysbiosis index for the gut. The conversation covers topics including but not limited to, how the test came to be, the methodology behind the results, how the test has been validated, and how it can be used to distinguish healthy controls from other samples.

Find the full episode and transcript here.

About the GA-map Dysbiosis Test

The human microbiome market is accelerating both in terms of evidence-based research and pharma products launched. The market’s need for a validated microbiome test is growing. Genetic Analysis AS is at the forefront of this development with the GA-map Dysbiosis Test. The unique, GA-map® Dysbiosis Test, detects and characterizes imbalance in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) in human fecal samples. All pre-processing of the data is done by the GA-map® Dysbiosis Test analyze software. Reports are automatically generated on the dysbiosis index (DI) and the bacteria abundance. The DI can be customized to your needs. Based on a deviation from a normal reference population, a measure of bacteria abundances and deviations to the references are calculated. The results are presented in an easy to interpret report form, containing the 48 preselected bacteria markers.

Additionally, Genetic Analysis has developed a fecal COVID-19 test that is performed on the same GA-map platform and is an important research tool in the analysis of an individual’s COVID-19 status.

If you have any questions about the GA-map Dysbiosis Test Lx or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

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Noradrenaline Sensitive ELISA Highlighted in Recent Publication

by Eagle Biosciences

The Eagle Bioscience’s Noradrenaline Sensitive ELISA was highlighted in a recent publication on how brain injuries instruct bone marrow cellular lineage destination to reduce neuroinflammation. Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Acute brain injury mobilizes circulating leukocytes to transmigrate into the perivascular space and brain parenchyma. This process amplifies neural injury. Bone marrow hematopoiesis replenishes the exhausted peripheral leukocyte pools. However, it is not known whether brain injury influences the development of bone marrow lineages and how altered hematopoietic cell lineages affect neurological outcome. Here, we showed that bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be swiftly skewed toward the myeloid lineage in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and experimental ICH models. Lineage tracing revealed a predominantly augmented hematopoiesis of Ly6Clow monocytes infiltrating the ICH brain, where they generated alternatively activated macrophages and suppressed neuroinflammation and brain injury. The ICH brain uses β3-adrenergic innervation that involves cell division cycle 42 to promote bone marrow hematopoiesis of Ly6Clow monocytes, which could be further potentiated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved β3-adrenergic agonist mirabegron. Our results suggest that brain injury modulates HSC lineage development to curb distal brain inflammation, implicating the bone marrow as a unique niche for self-protective neuroimmune interaction that might be exploited to obtain therapeutic effects.

Shi, SX., Shi, K., Liu, Q. Brain injury instructs bone marrow cellular lineage destination to reduce neuroinflammation. Science Translational Medicine. (2021)13:589.

If you have any questions about the Noradrenaline Sensitive ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

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Elevated FGF-23 Levels in Serum Associated with CKD-MBD in Dogs

by Eagle Biosciences

A recent study shows a strong association between the development of hyperphosphatemia in dogs with chronic kidney disease and increased serum levels of fibroblastic growth factor-23 (FGF-23)

Study:
Miyakawa H, Hsu H-H, Ogawa M, Akabane R, Miyagawa Y, Takemura N. Association between serum fibroblast growth factor-23 concentration and development of hyperphosphatemia in normophosphatemic dogs with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(5):2296-2305. Full Text.

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common, irreversible, and progressive disease in dogs. In patients with CKD, mineral metabolism disorders such as hyperphosphatemia, renal hyperparathyroidism, and decreased calcitriol synthesis also occur because of impaired renal function. These disorders are termed CKD—mineral and bone disorder (MBD). Hyperphosphatemia (abnormally high serum phosphate levels) is known to be a prognostic factor for shorter survival time in dogs with CKD.

The role of FGF-23 in CKD

Fibroblast growth factor-23 is released from osteocytes in response to increased serum phosphorus and calcitriol concentrations and promotes phosphate excretion into the urine by downregulation of the sodium-phosphate co-transporter in renal proximal tubular cells and inhibition of calcitriol synthesis. Fibroblast growth factor-23 acts by binding to the FGF receptor-α-klotho complex.13 In humans, cats, and dogs with CKD, circulating FGF-23 concentrations have been shown to increase in the advanced CKD stages. Increased FGF-23 concentration in CKD patients is associated with various mechanisms, such as a decreased clearance of FGF-23 because of decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), compensation for the accumulation of phosphate in the body, and compensation for decreased klotho protein concentrations. Blood FGF-23 concentrations in dogs with CKD have been shown to become increased earlier than serum phosphorous concentrations therefore, FGF-23 has been noted as an early marker of CKD-MBD.

Researchers hypothesized that FGF-23 predicts development of hyperphosphatemia in normophosphatemic dogs with CKD. If correct, FGF-23 may be a useful marker of when to initiate a phosphate-restricted diet to prevent the development of hyperphosphatemia.

About the MedFrontier Intact FGF23 Assay

  • low sample volume required – only 20ul
  • ONLY assay that measures the full-length active form (intact form) of FGF23
  • superior dynamic range of 10-3000 pg/uL
  • CLEIA technology

The MedFrontier Intact FGF23 Assay was developed and manufactured by Minaris Medical.

IF you have any questions about this product or any of our other products, contact us here.

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GA-Map Validated on MAGPIX

by Eagle Biosciences

GA-Map Validated on MAGPIX

The Genetic Analysis GA-Map® Dysbiosis Text Lx has been validated on the Luminex MAGPIX system. The company proudly announced the successful completion of validation at the beginning of February. Previously, the GA-Map Dysbiosis Test Lx was only validated for the Luminex 200.

GA-Map Dysbiosis Test Lx Principle

The GA-Map Dysbiosis Test Lx is a tool that allows mapping of the intestinal microbiota profile for a selected set of bacteria in a sample. The GA-Map Dysbiosis Test is based on advances in DNA profiling using probes targeting variable regions (V3 to V7) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to characterize and identify bacteria present. The targets are identified in a molecular multiplex assay that utilizes the Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNuPE) technology patented by professor Knut Rudi of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (​NMBU) (US6617138). A unique algorithm takes advantage of all the data generated by the detection of the SnuPE products to determine the microbiota profile in the sample. The algorithm is incorporated in the GA-Map Dysbiosis Analyzer software that accompanies the test.

Luminex MAGPIX Validation

The MAGPIX® instrument is the most affordable instrument of the Luminex’s xMAP instruments. The MAGPIX system is already a widely used platform and a large number of laboratories have already installed this system for performing other tests.

The human microbiome market is accelerating both in terms of evidence-based research and pharma products launched. The market’s need for a validated microbiome test is growing with this market. Thus, the news today that more labs can start microbiome testing with GA-Map on MAGPIX will fuel this growth and create more research opportunities.

Check out the full press release here.

If you have any questions about the GA-Map Dysbiosis Test Lx or our other offerings, contact us here.

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Glutathione Total Assay Kit Highlighted in Recent Publication

by Eagle Biosciences

The Eagle Bioscience’s Glutathione Total Assay Kit was highlighted in a recent publication on the protective effects of perindopril against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage through modulation of DDAH-1/ADMA and ACE-2/ANG-(1-7) signaling pathways. Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Indomethacin is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; however, its clinical utility is accompanied by serious adverse reactions including peptic ulcers. The current study aims to investigate the protective potential of perindopril against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in rats. Perindopril (4 mg/kg) was administered orally for 7 days and indomethacin (60 mg/kg, single oral dose) was administered on the 7th day, 1 h after perindopril administration. Pantoprazole was used as a standard agent. Ulcer index (UI), preventive index ratio (PI), histopathological examination, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were investigated. Perindopril significantly decreased UI while increased PI and counteracted histopathological aberrations induced by indomethacin. It alleviated indomethacin-induced oxidative stress by lowering NO while increasing GSH content and superoxide dismutase activity. Perindopril significantly downregulated TNF-α and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), while significantly upregulated COX-2, PGE-2, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1), ANG-(1-7), and ACE-2 expression. Together, these findings suggest the gastroprotective effects of perindopril through modulation of DDAH-1/ADMA and ACE-2/ANG-(1-7) signaling.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Perindopril attenuated gastric histopathological damage.
  • It increased GSH content and SOD activity while decreased NO content.
  • It modulated gastric ADMA and DDAH-1 activity.
  • It reduced TNF-α, while increased COX-2 and PGE-2 expression.
  • It upregulated ACE-2 activity and ANG-(1-7) protein expression.

Mohamed Y.T., Naguib I.A., Abo-Saif A.A., Mohamed W.R. Protective effects of perindopril against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage through modulation of DDAH-1/ADMA and ACE-2/ANG-(1-7) signaling pathways. Drug Chem. Toxicol. (2021).

If you have any questions about the Glutathione Total Assay Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

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Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT Detects Antibodies Against the Omicron Variant

by Eagle Biosciences


New data suggests the Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT detects antibodies against the new Omicron variant.

Quantitative Duplex Antibody Test (DAT) for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

The Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT allows the simultaneous and quantitative measurement of antibodies against the S1 RBD AND Nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, other antibody assays detect all antibodies generated against the S1- OR NC-protein. This test, however, is epitope specific. It detects immune-dominant antibodies species, i.e. the most important antibodies generated by either vaccination or infection.

This is demonstrated by the fact, that it detects anti-S1RBD against all dominant virus variants identified so far. The data indicates (see chart below) that the S1RBD part of the Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT assay detects the immune-dominant epitope and that individuals testing S1RBD -positive in the FluoBolt-DAT test have developed significant amounts of antibodies against this epitope. Therefore, they might be well protected against all current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants

Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT

Benefits of the Cov19 FluoBolt-Dat Assay:

    • Only One Single Measurement Required
    • Small Sample Size Need – 10 uL
    • Results within 60 minutes

    Other Cov19 FluoBolt-DAT Resources:

    Check out our other COVID-19 assays here.

    If you have any questions about this kit or our other offerings, contact us here.