Category: Publication Spotlight

The Eagle Biosciences’ C-Peptide ELISA Assay Kit was used in a recent study! The aim of this study was to assess insulin sensitivity in full-term newborns exposed in utero to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretrovirals (ARVs). Check out the abstract and full text below.

Abstract

Introduction: Antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are implicated in the onset of insulin resistance. They cross the placental barrier thereby inducing early modifications of the fetal environment. The aim of our study was to assess insulin sensitivity in full-term newborns exposed in utero to HIV and ARVs in Yaoundé.

Materials and Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in 2 maternities in the city of Yaoundé from November 2021 to June 2022. We generated two groups of newborns (NBs): one group born to HIV positive mothers on ARVs and the other control group born to HIV negative mothers. Clinical data from mothers and NBs were collected. A homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) like index with C peptide served to assess insulin sensitivity. We used the Spearman correlation to measure the strength of association between insulin sensitivity and the different variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Of 70 neonates included, 35 were born to HIV positive mothers on ARVs and 35 to HIV negative mothers. The median age of HIV positive and negative mothers was 30 (27 – 32) and 34 (24 – 47) years, respectively (p = 0.791). The body mass index before pregnancy as well as the average newborn weights were comparable in both groups. The ARV protocol associating Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Efavirenz was used by 97.1% of HIV positive mothers. In the exposed NBs group, C peptide was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and blood glucose significantly higher (p < 0.001). The median values of HOMA-IR were 1.4 (0.8 – 1.9) and 2 (1.4 – 2.6) (p = 0.001) for exposed and unexposed NBs, respectively.

Conclusion: Newborns exposed to HIV and ARVs had lower C peptide levels and were more sensitive to insulin. Close metabolic monitoring of these newborns would allow early diagnosis and management of any glucose regulation disorder.

Ekobena, F et al. (2023) Insulin Sensitivity of Term Newborns Exposed in Utero to HIV and Antiretrovirals in Yaoundé. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 13, 161-172. doi: 10.4236/ojemd.2023.139013.

If you have any questions about this product or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

The Total Complement Functional Screen ELISA was utilized in a recent publication that sought to understand if the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria (which can cause Lyme disease) to resist the human immune system plays a big role in whether they cause widespread infections in humans. Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Reservoir host associations have been observed among and within Borrelia genospecies, and host complement-mediated killing is a major determinant in these interactions. In North America, only a subset of Borrelia burgdorferi lineages cause the majority of disseminated infections in humans. We hypothesize that differential resistance to human complement-mediated killing may be a major phenotypic determinant of whether a lineage can establish systemic infection. As a corollary, we hypothesize that borreliacidal action may differ among human subjects. To test these hypotheses, we isolated primary B. burgdorferi clones from field-collected ticks and determined whether the killing effects of human serum differed among those clones in vitro and/or whether these effects were consistent among human sera. Clones associated with human invasiveness did not show higher survival in human serum compared to noninvasive clones. These results indicate that differential complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages is not a determinant of invasiveness in humans. Only one significant difference in the survivorship of individual clones incubated in different human sera was detected, suggesting that complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi is usually similar among humans. Mechanisms other than differential human complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages likely explain why only certain lineages cause the majority of disseminated human infections.

Pearson, P. et al. Differential Resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi Clones to Human Serum-Mediated Killing Does Not Correspond to Their Predicted Invasiveness. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101238

If you have any questions about the Total Complement Functional Screen ELISA or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

Our Rituximab ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! This study aimed to determine the transfer of anti-CD20 IgG1 mAbs, ocrelizumab, and rituximab (OCR/RTX), into mature breastmilk and describe maternal and infant outcomes. Check out the abstract and full text below.

Abstract

Objective: Postpartum, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have increased risk for disease activity. Anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are increasingly used as disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Patients may wish to both breastfeed and resume DMT postpartum. This study aimed to determine the transfer of anti-CD20 IgG1 mAbs, ocrelizumab, and rituximab (OCR/RTX), into mature breastmilk and describe maternal and infant outcomes.

Methods: Fifty-seven cis-women receiving OCR/RTX after 59 pregnancies and their infants were enrolled and followed up to 12M postpartum or 90 days post-infusion. Breastmilk was collected pre-infusion and serially up to 90 days and assayed for mAb concentration. Medical records and patients’ questionnaire responses were obtained to assess neurologic, breastfeeding, and infant development outcomes.

Results: The median average concentration of mAb in breastmilk was low (OCR: 0.08 μg/mL, range 0.05–0.4; RTX: 0.03 μg/mL, range 0.005–0.3). Concentration peaked 1–7 days post-infusion in most (77%) and was nearly undetectable after 90 days. Median average relative infant dose was <1% (OCR: 0.1%, range 0.07–0.7; RTX: 0.04%, range 0.005–0.3). Forty-three participants continued to breastfeed post-infusion. At 8–12 months, the proportion of infants’ growth between the 3rd and 97th World Health Organization percentiles did not differ for breastfed (36/40) and non-breastfed (14/16, p > 0.05) infants; neither did the proportion with normal development (breastfed: 37/41, non-breastfed: 11/13; p > 0.05). After postpartum infusion, two mothers experienced a clinical relapse.

Interpretation: These confirm minimal transfer of mAb into breastmilk. Anti-CD20 mAb therapy stabilizes MS activity before conception to the postpartum period, and postpartum treatments appears to be safe and well-tolerated for both mother and infant.

Anderson, A., et al. (2023), Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in postpartum women with neurological conditions. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 10: 2053-2064. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51893

If you have any questions about this product or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Bovine Haptoglobin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! This study investigated the difference in blood parameters of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy cattle.

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic and progressive granulomatous enteritis and economic losses in dairy cattle in subclinical stages. Subclinical infection in cattle can be detected using serum MAP antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.

Objectives: To investigate the differences in blood parameters, according to the detection of MAP using serum antibody ELISA and fecal PCR tests.

Methods: We divided 33 subclinically infected adult cattle into three groups: seronegative and fecal-positive (SNFP, n = 5), seropositive and fecal-negative (SPFN, n = 10), and seropositive and fecal-positive (SPFP, n = 18). Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were performed.

Results: Although the cows were clinically healthy without any manifestations, the SNFP and SPFP groups had higher platelet counts, mean platelet volumes, plateletcrit, lactate dehydrogenase levels, lactate levels, and calcium levels but lower mean corpuscular volume concentration than the SPFN group (p < 0.017). The red blood cell count, hematocrit, monocyte count, glucose level, and calprotectin level were different according to the detection method (p < 0.05). The SNFP and SPFP groups had higher red blood cell counts, hematocrit and calprotectin levels, but lower monocyte counts and glucose levels than the SPFN group, although there were no significant differences (p > 0.017).

Conclusions: The cows with fecal-positive MAP status had different blood parameters from those with fecal-negative MAP status, although they were subclinically infected. These findings provide new insights into understanding the mechanism of MAP infection in subclinically infected cattle.

Ha S, Kang S, Jung M, Kim SB, Lee HG, Park HT, Lee JH, Choi KC, Park J, Kim UH, Yoo HS. Comparison of blood parameters according to fecal detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in subclinically infected Holstein cattle. J Vet Sci. 2023 Sep;24(5):e70. doi: 10.4142/jvs.23111.

If you have any questions about this product or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s NSE ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent publication! This study investigated the challenges of using electrochemical immunosensors for the early detection of small cell lung cancer.

Abstract

Early and rapid detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is highly significant, as it is putative biomarker for small-cell lung cancer as well as COVID-19. Electrochemical techniques have attracted substantial attention for the early detection of cancer biomarkers due to the important properties of simplicity, high sensitivity, specificity, low cost, and point-of-care detection. This work reviews the clinically relevant labeled and label-free electrochemical immunosensors developed so far for the analysis of NSE. The prevailing role of nanostructured materials as electrode matrices is thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the key performances of various immunoassays are critically evaluated in terms of limit of detection, linear ranges, and incubation time for clinical translation. Electrochemical techniques coupled with screen-printed electrodes developing market level commercialization of NSE sensors is also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with the current challenges associated with available methods and provides a future outlook toward commercialization opportunities for easy detection of NSE.

Daisy Mehta, Divyani Gupta, Alankar Kafle, Sukhjot Kaur, and Tharamani C. Nagaiah. Advances and Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarker Neuron-Specific Enolase. ACS Omega 2024 9 (1), 33-51 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06388

If you have any questions about the NSE ELISA Assay Kit or any of other offerings, contact us here.

Eagle Bioscience’s Human Ceruloplasmin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! The study sought to learn about the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in those with chronic heart failure. Check out the abstract and full text below!

Abstract

In heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, Sacubitril/valsartan(S/V) increased proBNPT71 glycosylation, which is regulated negatively by hypoxia via miR-30a in-vitro. Using a cohort of 73 HFrEF patients who were transitioned from standard HF medication to S/V, we found that the increase in proBNP T71 glycosylation after S/V was associated with a decrease in cardiac hypoxia. We further found that plasma levels of K709-acteylatedHIF1a, HIF-regulated and HIF-independent biomarkers also evolved consistently with a decrease in hypoxia. We further confirmed that biomarker changes were related to hypoxia, in a rat model subjected to isobaric hypoxia. We measured them in rats subjected to isobaric hypoxia. Overall, these data strongly suggest that optimally treated HFrEF patients exhibited sub clinical hypoxia that is improved by S/V. The data also posit proBNP T71 glycosylation as a biomarker of cardiac hypoxia.

Nougué, Picard, Cohen-Solal et al. Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in chronic heart failure. iScience (2024) 27 (1), 108520 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108520

If you have any questions about the Human Ceruloplasmin ELISA Assay Kit or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

A recent study utilized the Total Complement Functional Screen ELISA from Svar Life Sciences! Check out the abstract and full text below.

Abstract

Reservoir host associations have been observed among and within Borrelia genospecies, and host complement-mediated killing is a major determinant in these interactions. In North America, only a subset of Borrelia burgdorferi lineages cause the majority of disseminated infections in humans. We hypothesize that differential resistance to human complement-mediated killing may be a major phenotypic determinant of whether a lineage can establish systemic infection. As a corollary, we hypothesize that borreliacidal action may differ among human subjects. To test these hypotheses, we isolated primary B. burgdorferi clones from field-collected ticks and determined whether the killing effects of human serum differed among those clones in vitro and/or whether these effects were consistent among human sera. Clones associated with human invasiveness did not show higher survival in human serum compared to noninvasive clones. These results indicate that differential complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages is not a determinant of invasiveness in humans. Only one significant difference in the survivorship of individual clones incubated in different human sera was detected, suggesting that complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi is usually similar among humans. Mechanisms other than differential human complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages likely explain why only certain lineages cause the majority of disseminated human infections.

Pearson, P.; Rich, C.; Siegel, E.L.; Brisson, D.; Rich, S.M. Differential Resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi Clones to Human Serum-Mediated Killing Does Not Correspond to Their Predicted Invasiveness. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101238

If you have any questions about the Total Complement Functional Screen ELISA or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

Eagle Bioscience’s GLP-2 ELISA Assay Kit was highlighted in recent publication! The scientists in this study induced the physiological secretion of GLP-2 via nanoparticles to help them develop a combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment consist of anti-inflammatory products. In this study, we sought to induce the physiological secretion of glucagon-like peptide 2, a peptide with intestinal growth-promoting activity, via nanoparticles while simultaneously providing with immunomodulation by tailoring the nanoparticle surface. To this end, we developed hybrid lipid hyaluronate-KPV conjugated nanoparticles loaded with teduglutide for combination therapy in IBD. The nanocarriers induced (or did not induce) immunosuppression depending on the presence (or absence) of a hyaluronan-KPV functionalization. This strategy holds promise as a nanoparticle platform for combined mucosal healing and immunomodulation in IBD treatment.

V. Marotti, et al. A nanoparticle platform for combined mucosal healing and immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel disease treatment, Bioactive Materials, Volume 32, 2024, Pages 206-221, ISSN 2452-199X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.014.

If you have any questions about the GLP-2 ELISA Assay Kit or any of our other offerings contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! This study investigated whether microbiome profiles can indidcate stress reactivity in ulcerative colitis. Check out the abstract and full text below!

Abstract

Background: Stress reactivity (SR) is associated with increased risk of flares in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Because both preclinical and clinical data support that stress can influence gut microbiome composition and function, we investigated whether microbiome profiles of SR exist in UC.

Methods: Ninety-one UC subjects in clinical and biochemical remission were classified into high and low SR groups by questionnaires. Baseline and longitudinal characterization of the intestinal microbiome was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal and plasma global untargeted metabolomics. Microbe, fecal metabolite, and plasma metabolite abundances were analyzed separately to create random forest classifiers for high SR and biomarker-derived SR scores.

Results: High SR reactivity was characterized by altered abundance of fecal microbes, primarily in the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families; fecal metabolites including reduced levels of monoacylglycerols (endocannabinoid-related) and bile acids; and plasma metabolites including increased 4-ethyl phenyl sulfate, 1-arachidonoylglycerol (endocannabinoid), and sphingomyelin. Classifiers generated from baseline microbe, fecal metabolite, and plasma metabolite abundance distinguished high vs low SR with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively. Stress reactivity scores derived from these classifiers were significantly associated with flare risk during 6 to 24 months of follow-up, with odds ratios of 3.8, 4.1, and 4.9. Clinical flare and intestinal inflammation did not alter fecal microbial abundances but attenuated fecal and plasma metabolite differences between high and low SR.

Conclusions: High SR in UC is characterized by microbial signatures that predict clinical flare risk, suggesting that the microbiome may contribute to stress-induced UC flares.

Jonathan P Jacobs, Jenny S Sauk, Aaron I Ahdoot, Fengting Liang, William Katzka, Hyo Jin Ryu, Ariela Khandadash, Venu Lagishetty, Jennifer S Labus, Bruce D Naliboff, Emeran A Mayer, Microbial and Metabolite Signatures of Stress Reactivity in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Clinical Remission Predict Clinical Flare Risk, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2023;, izad185, https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izad185

If you have any questions about the Calprotectin ELISA or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Glutathione Total Assay Kit and Malondialdehyde HPLC Assay Kit were highlighted in a recent study! The study was conduct to examine the shielding influence of cinnamic acid against lung fibrosis induced by methotrexate. Check out the abstract and full article below!

Abstract

Purpose: Lung fibrosis is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by excessive accumulation of scarred tissue, leading to lung architecture destruction and restricted ventilation. The current work was conducted to examine the probable shielding influence of cinnamic acid against lung fibrosis induced by methotrexate.

Methods: Rats were pre-treated with oral administration of cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, whereas methotrexate (14 mg/kg) was orally given on the 5th and 12th days of the experiment. Pirfenidone (50 mg/kg/day) was used as a standard drug. At the end of the experiment, oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and total glutathione) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8), as well as transforming growth factor-β and collagen content, as fibrosis indicators, were measured in lung tissue.

Results: Our results revealed that cinnamic acid, as pirfenidone, effectively prevented the methotrexate-induced overt histopathological damage. This was associated with parallel improvements in oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrotic parameters measured. The outcomes of cinnamic acid administration were more or less the same as those of pirfenidone. In conclusion, pre-treatment with cinnamic acid protects against methotrexate-induced fibrosis, making it a promising prophylactic adjuvant therapy to methotrexate and protecting against its possible induction of lung fibrosis.

Abdalhameid, E., Abd El-Haleim, E.A., Abdelsalam, R.M. et al. Cinnamic acid mitigates methotrexate-induced lung fibrosis in rats: comparative study with pirfenidone. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02652-w

If you have any question about the Glutathione Assay and Malondialdehyde HPLC Kit or any of our other offerings contact us here.