Author: Eagle Biosciences

The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin Sensitive ELISA Kit was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on dietary tryptophan deficiency. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Rankin, Lucille C., et al. “Dietary Tryptophan Deficiency Promotes Gut Rorγt+ Treg Cells at the Expense of GATA3+ Treg Cells and Alters Commensal Microbiota Metabolism.” Cell Reports, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, p. 112135.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how fecal keratin 8 is a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal injury. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Specific biomarkers of intestinal injury associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are needed to diagnose and monitor intestinal mucosal injury and recovery. This study aims to develop and test a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect the total keratin 8 (K8) in the stool of newborns with NEC and investigate the clinical value of fecal K8 as a marker of intestinal injury specifically associated with NEC. We collected fecal samples from five newborns with NEC and five gestational age-matched premature neonates without NEC at the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford and Washington University School of Medicine, respectively. Fecal K8 levels were measured using a modified ELISA protocol and Western blot, and fecal calprotectin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Clinical data, including gestational age, birth weight, Bell stage for NEC, feeding strategies, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and other pertinent clinical variables, were collected and analyzed. Fecal K8 levels were significantly higher in the pre-NEC group (1–2 days before diagnosis of NEC) and NEC group than those in the non-NEC group. Moreover, fecal K8 was relatively higher at the onset of NEC and declined after the resolution of the disease. Results with similar trends to fecal K8 were also seen in fecal calprotectin, but not seen in total WBC count. In conclusion, a modified ELISA protocol for the total K8 protein was successfully developed for the detection of fecal K8 in the clinical setting of premature newborns with NEC. Fecal K8 is noted to be significantly increased in premature newborns with NEC and may, therefore, serve as a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal epithelial injury associated with NEC.

Wang, Kewei, et al. “Fecal Keratin 8 Is a Noninvasive and Specific Marker for Intestinal Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.” Journal of Immunology Research, vol. 2023, 2023, pp. 1–8.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Bevacizumab mAb-based ELISA was utilized in a recent publication! This study focused on sustained ocular delivery of Bevacizumab using densomeres in rabbits. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate that a single administration of an anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody, when integrated into a novel biodegradable Densomere composed only of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and polymer, maintains molecular integrity, sustained release, and prolonged bioactivity in vitro and in vivo for up to 12 months.

Methods: Bevacizumab, a high-molecular-weight antibody (140,000–150,000 Da) was incorporated at 5% loading into Densomere microparticle carriers (DMCs) for injection to observe in vitro release over time from an aqueous suspension. The molecular integrity of the released bevacizumab was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and size-exclusion chromatography–high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC). Anti-angiogenic bioactivity in vivo was assessed using the rabbit corneal suture model for suppression of neovascular encroachment from the limbus following a single subconjunctival administration.

Results: Continuous release of bevacizumab in vitro was observed in serial samples over a period of 12 months. ELISA and SEC-HPLC yielded profiles from aqueous supernatant samples indistinguishable from the reference bevacizumab. A single subconjunctival administration in rabbit eyes significantly suppressed corneal neovascularization in vivo compared to control eyes for 12 months.

Conclusions: The Densomere carrier platform maintained the molecular integrity of bevacizumab with a prolonged release profile in vitro and demonstrated sustained in vivo drug delivery with continuous bioactivity in the rabbit cornea eye model for 12 months.

Translational Relevance: The Densomere platform provides a significant opportunity for prolonged delivery of biologics in ocular and other tissues.

Peterson, Jan S., et al. “Sustained Ocular Delivery of Bevacizumab Using Densomeres in Rabbits: Effects on Molecular Integrity and Bioactivity.” Translational Vision Science & Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, p. 28.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Histamine ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that explored how exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Adhikari, P., Ayo, T.E., Vines, J.C. et al. Exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Inflamm. Res. 72, 639–649 (2023).

If you have any questions about our Histamine ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Anti-LKM1 ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on liver kidney microsome antibodies. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Sanchez, Sandra, et al. “Liver Kidney Microsome Antibodies. Analysis of a Laboratory Series.” Practical Laboratory Medicine, vol. 33, 2023.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on patient-derived Enterococcus mundtii. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

The genus Enterococcus is commonly overpopulated in patients with depression compared to healthy control in the feces. Therefore, we isolated Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus mundtii from the feces of patients with comorbid inflammatory bowel disease with depression and examined their roles in depression in vivo and in vitro.

Of these Enterococci, E. mundtii NK1516 most potently induced NF-κB-activated TNF-α and IL-6 expression in BV2 microglia cells. NK1516 also caused the most potent depression-like behaviors in the absence of sickness behaviors, neuroinflammation, downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, E. mundtii NK1516 reduced the mRNA expression of Htr1a in the hippocampus. Its capsular polysaccharide (CP), but not cytoplasmic components, also caused depression-like behaviors and reduced BDNF and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. Conversely, this was not observed with Enterococcus mundtiiATCC882, a well-known probiotic, or its CP. Orally gavaged fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated NK1516 CP was detected in the hippocampus of mice. The NK1516 genome exhibited unique CP biosynthesis-related genes (capD, wbjC, WecB, vioB), unlike that of ATCC882. These findings suggest that Enterococcus mundtii may be a risk factor for depression.

Joo, Min-Kyung, et al. “Patient-Derived Enterococcus Mundtii and Its Capsular Polysaccharides Cause Depression through the Downregulation of NF-ΚB-Involved Serotonin and BDNF Expression.” Microbes and Infection, 2023, p. 105116.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Adrenaline ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored the impact of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ingestion on catecholamine metabolism during graded cycle exercise in humans. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Purpose

Physical exercise is shown to mitigate catecholamine metabolites; however, it is unknown if exercise-induced increases in sympatho-adrenal activity or catecholamine metabolites are influenced by ingestion of specific catechins found within green tea. This study explored the impact of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ingestion on catecholamine metabolism during graded cycle exercise in humans.

Methods

Eight males (22.4 ± 3.3 years, BMI:25.7 ± 2.4 kg.m²) performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial after consumption (1450 mg) of either EGCG or placebo (PLAC) and performed graded cycling to volitional exhaustion. Venous bloods were taken at rest, 2 h post-ingestion and after every 3-min stage. Blood variables were analysed for catecholamines, catecholamine metanephrines and metabolic variables at rest, 2 h post-ingestion (POST-ING), peak rate of lipid oxidation (FATpeak), lactate threshold (LT) and peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26).

Results

Resting catecholamine and metanephrines were similar between trials. Plasma adrenaline (AD) was lower in ECGC treatment group between trials at FATpeak (P < 0.05), LT (P < 0.001) and VO₂peak (P < 0.01). Noradrenaline (NA) was lower under EGCG at POST (P < 0.05), FATpeak (P < 0.05), LT (P < 0.01) and VO₂peak (P < 0.05) compared to PLAC. Metanephrines, glucose and lactate increased similarly with exercise intensity in both trials. Lipid oxidation rate was 32% lower in EGCG at FATpeak (EGCG 0.33 ± 0.14 vs. PLAC 0.49 ± 0.11 g.min⁻¹, P < 0.05). Cycle time to exhaustion was similar (NS).

Conclusion

Acute EGCG supplementation reduced circulating catecholamines but not; metanephrine, glucose or lactates, response to graded exercise. Lower circulating catecholamines may explain a lower lipid oxidation rate.

Churm, R., Williams, L.M., Dunseath, G. et al. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate lowers circulating catecholamine concentrations and alters lipid metabolism during graded exercise in man: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 62, 1517–1526 (2023).

If you have any questions about the Adrenaline ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Glutathione Total Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how Diosmin mitigates dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in vivo. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Secondary osteoporosis is commonly caused by long-term intake of glucocorticoids(GCs), such as dexamethasone (DEX). Diosmin, a natural substance with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is clinically used for treating some vascular disorders. The current work targeted exploring the protective properties of diosmin to counteract DEX-induced osteoporosis in vivo. Rats were administered DEX (7 mg/kg) once weekly for 5 weeks, and in the second week, vehicle or diosmin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) for the next four weeks. Femur bone tissues were collected and processed for histological and biochemical examinations. The study findings showed that diosmin alleviated the histological bone impairments caused by DEX. In addition, diosmin upregulated the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) and the mRNA transcripts of Wingless (Wnt) and osteocalcin. Furthermore, diosmin counteracted the rise in the mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and the reduction in osteoprotegerin (OPG), both were induced by DEX. Diosmin restored the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium and exerted significant antiapoptotic activity. The aforementioned effects were more pronounced at the dose level of 100 mg/kg. Collectively, diosmin has proven to protect rats against DEX-induced osteoporosis by augmenting osteoblast and bone development while hindering osteoclast and bone resorption. Our findings could be used as a stand for recommending supplementation of diosmin for patients chronically using GCs.

Arafa, El-Shaimaa A., et al. “Diosmin Mitigates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis in Vivo: Role of Runx2, Rankl/OPG, and Oxidative Stress.” Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy, vol. 161, 2023, p. 114461.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Lipid Peroxidase Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how hypercholesterolemia aggravates in-stent restenosis in rabbits. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Fishbein, Ilia, et al. Hypercholesterolemia Aggravates In-Stent Restenosis in Rabbits: A Mitigating Effect of Stent Surface Modification with CD47-Derived Peptide, 2023.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Cortisol ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on suppressive action of nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide on cortisol synthesis. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Nasri, Atefeh, et al. Suppressive Action of Nesfatin-1 and Nesfatin-1-like Peptide on Cortisol Synthesis in Adrenal Cortex Cells, 2023, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2595841/v1.

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