Author: Eagle Biosciences

The Eagle Bioscience’s High Sensitive CRP ELISA was utilized in a recent publication exploring risk factors for cardiometabolic disease in professional firefighters. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Objective: Firefighters are plagued with cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Obesity, poor cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and blood lipids (LDL-C, triglycerides, low HDL-C) are risk factors for CMD. However, markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance can provide further insight regarding CMD risk.

Methods: This study investigated the relationships between fitness metrics (cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, percent body fat, waist circumference), blood lipids, blood pressure, and years of experience as a firefighter to blood markers of insulin resistance: (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, HOMA-IR), oxidative stress: advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results: Waist circumference and blood concentrations of triglycerides were significantly related to AOPP and HOMA-IR. Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely related to AOPP, HOMA-IR and CRP.

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of high cardiorespiratory fitness and low waist circumference to reduce markers of CMD.

McAllister, Matthew J., et al. “Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease in Professional Firefighters.” Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Publish Ahead of Print, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002743.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Ultra-Sensitive Streptavidin Coated Clear 96 Well Microplate was utilized in a recent publication that explored non-viral precision T cell receptor replacement for personalized cell therapy. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

T cell receptors (TCRs) enable T cells to specifically recognize mutations in cancer cells. Here we developed a clinical-grade approach based on CRISPR–Cas9 non-viral precision genome-editing to simultaneously knockout the two endogenous TCR genes TRAC (which encodes TCRα) and TRBC (which encodes TCRβ). We also inserted into the TRAC locus two chains of a neoantigen-specific TCR (neoTCR) isolated from circulating T cells of patients. The neoTCRs were isolated using a personalized library of soluble predicted neoantigen–HLA capture reagents. Sixteen patients with different refractory solid cancers received up to three distinct neoTCR transgenic cell products. Each product expressed a patient-specific neoTCR and was administered in a cell-dose-escalation, first-in-human phase I clinical trial (NCT03970382). One patient had grade 1 cytokine release syndrome and one patient had grade 3 encephalitis. All participants had the expected side effects from the lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Five patients had stable disease and the other eleven had disease progression as the best response on the therapy. neoTCR transgenic T cells were detected in tumor biopsy samples after infusion at frequencies higher than the native TCRs before infusion. This study demonstrates the feasibility of isolating and cloning multiple TCRs that recognize mutational neoantigens. Moreover, simultaneous knockout of the endogenous TCR and knock-in of neoTCRs using single-step, non-viral precision genome-editing are achieved. The manufacture of neoTCR engineered T cells at clinical grade, the safety of infusing up to three gene-edited neoTCR T cell products and the ability of the transgenic T cells to traffic to the tumors of patients are also demonstrated

Foy, Susan P., et al. “Non-Viral Precision T Cell Receptor Replacement for Personalized Cell Therapy.” Nature, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05531-1.

If you have any questions about the Ultra-Sensitive Streptavidin Coated Clear 96 Well Microplate or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Pregnenolone ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored the effects of pregnenolone on provoked alcohol cravings, anxiety, HPA axis and autonomic arousal in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Histamine ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that explored how histamine deficiency deteriorates LPS-induced periodontal diseases in mice. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Histamine is a versatile biogenic amine, generated by the unique enzyme histidine decarboxylase (Hdc). Accumulating evidence has proven that histamine plays important roles in numerous biological and pathophysiological processes. However, the role and mechanism of Hdc/Histamine signaling in periodontal diseases remain unclear. In our current study, the concentration of histamine increased in the serum, and Hdc gene expression was upregulated in the gingiva of WT mice with LPS-induced periodontal inflammation. With Hdc–GFP mice, we identified that Hdc/GFP in the periodontium was expressed in CD11b⁺ myeloid cells, rather than in tryptase-positive mast cells. Hdc-expressing CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ neutrophils significantly increased in the peripheral blood of Hdc–GFP mice one day after LPS injection. Lack of histamine in Hdc^-/- mice not only promoted the activation and infiltration of more CD11b⁺ cells into the peripheral blood but also upregulated mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1and MMP9 in the gingiva compared to WT mice one day after LPS stimulation. 28 days after LPS treatment, we observed that Hdc^-/- mice exhibited more alveolar bone loss and more osteoclasts than WT mice, which was slightly ameliorated by the administration of exogenous histamine. In vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies revealed that the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and protein levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and cleaved-Caspase-1 were upregulated after blocking histamine receptor 1 and 2, especially histamine receptor 1. Taken together, CD11b⁺Gr-1⁺ neutrophils are the predominant Hdc-expressing sites in periodontal inflammation, and deficiency of endogenous histamine in Hdc^-/- mice exacerbates the destruction of the periodontium. Disruption of the histamine/H₁R/H₂R axis aggravates the inflammatory immune response via NLRP3/Casapse-1 pathway.

Song, Fujie., et al. “Histamine Deficiency Deteriorates LPS-Induced Periodontal Diseases in a Murine Model via NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway.” International Immunopharmacology, vol. 115, 2023, p. 109630., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109630.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s P1NP ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how maternal vitamin D levels correlate with fetal weight and bone metabolism during pregnancy. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Luo, Lian-mei, Wu, Nan, Zhang, Jun and Yang, Dong. “Maternal vitamin D levels correlate with fetal weight and bone metabolism during pregnancy: a materno-neonatal analysis of bone metabolism parameters” Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2022-0068

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Plasma Metanephrine ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on how social isolation exacerbates acute ozone inhalation induced pulmonary and systemic health outcomes . Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Psychosocially-stressed individuals might have exacerbated responses to air pollution exposure. Acute ozone exposure activates the neuroendocrine stress response leading to systemic metabolic and lung inflammatory changes. We hypothesized chronic mild stress (CS) and/or social isolation (SI) would cause neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic phenotypes that would be exacerbated by an acute ozone exposure. Male 5-week-old Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: no stress (NS) (pair-housed, regular-handling); SI (single-housed, minimal-handling); CS (single-housed, subjected to mild unpredicted-randomized stressors [restraint-1 h, tilted cage-1 h, shaking-1 h, intermittent noise-6 h, and predator odor-1 h], 1-stressor/day*5-days/week*8-weeks. All animals then 13-week-old were subsequently exposed to filtered-air or ozone (0.8-ppm) for 4 h and immediately necropsied. CS, but not SI animals had increased adrenal weights. However, relative to NS, both CS and SI had lower circulating luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone regardless of exposure (SI > CS), and only CS demonstrated lower thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. SI caused more severe systemic inflammation than CS, as evidenced by higher circulating cytokines and cholesterol. Ozone exposure increased urine corticosterone and catecholamine metabolites with no significant stressor effect. Ozone-induced lung injury, and increases in lavage-fluid neutrophils and IL-6, were exacerbated by SI. Ozone severely lowered circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone in all groups and exacerbated systemic inflammation in SI. Ozone-induced increases in serum glucose, leptin, and triglycerides were consistent across stressors; however, increases in cholesterol were exacerbated by SI. Collectively, psychosocial stressors, especially SI, affected the neuroendocrine system and induced adverse metabolic and inflammatory effects that were exacerbated by ozone exposure.

Henriquez, Andres R., et al. “Social Isolation Exacerbates Acute Ozone Inhalation Induced Pulmonary and Systemic Health Outcomes.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol. 457, 2022, p. 116295., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2022.116295.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Biotinylated IGFBP-3 Recombinant Protein was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on how insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 induces senescence by inhibiting telomerase activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been known to inhibit the proliferation of various cell types in an insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent manner. In this study, we aimed to show that IGFBP-3 induces cellular senescence via suppression of telomerase activity, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. We found that the induction of IGFBP-3 in MCF-7 cells inhibited cell proliferation. Flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of non-cycling cells was higher in IGFBP-3-expressing cells than in controls. Induction of IGFBP-3 also resulted in morphological changes, such as a flattened cytoplasm and increased granularity, suggesting that IGFBP-3 induces senescence-like phenotype. The percentage of cells containing senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was 3.3 times higher in IGFBP-3 expressing cells compared to control cells. Telomeric repeat amplification and real-time PCR showed that IGFBP-3 decreased telomerase activity by decreasing the expression of the RNA component (hTR) and catalytic protein component with reverse transcriptase activity (hTERT) of telomerase. These results suggest that IGFBP-3 functions as a negative regulator of breast cancer cell growth by inducing a senescence through the inhibition of telomerase activity.

Kwon, Ahreum, et al. “Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Induces Senescence by Inhibiting Telomerase Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.” 2022, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2081030/v1.

If you have any questions about the Biotinylated IGFBP-3 Recombinant Protein or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Progesterone Saliva ELISA was utilized in a recent publication that explored the association between serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Recent investigations have identified water polo athletes as at risk for concussions and repetitive subconcussive head impacts. Head impact exposure in collegiate varsity women’s water polo, however, has not yet been longitudinally quantified. We aimed to determine the relationship between cumulative and acute head impact exposure across pre-season training and changes in serum biomarkers of brain injury. Twenty-two Division I collegiate women’s water polo players were included in this prospective observational study. They wore sensor-installed mouthguards during all practices and scrimmages during eight weeks of pre-season training. Serum samples were collected at six time points (at baseline, before and after scrimmages during weeks 4 and 7, and after the eight-week pre-season training period) and assayed for neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using Simoa^® Human Neurology 2-Plex B assay kits. Serum GFAP increased over time (e.g., an increase of 0.6559 pg/mL per week; p = 0.0087). Neither longitudinal nor acute pre-post scrimmage changes in GFAP, however, were associated with head impact exposure. Contrarily, an increase in serum NfL across the study period was associated with cumulative head impact magnitude (sum of peak linear acceleration: B = 0.015, SE = 0.006, p = 0.016; sum of peak rotational acceleration: B = 0.148, SE = 0.048, p = 0.006). Acute changes in serum NfL were not associated with head impacts recorded during the two selected scrimmages. Hormonal contraceptive use was associated with lower serum NfL and GFAP levels over time, and elevated salivary levels of progesterone were also associated with lower serum NfL levels. These results suggest that detecting increases in serum NfL may be a useful way to monitor cumulative head impact burden in women’s contact sports and that female-specific factors, such as hormonal contraceptive use and circulating progesterone levels, may be neuroprotective, warranting further investigations.

Huibregtse, Megan E., et al. “Association between Serum Neurofilament Light and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels and Head Impact Burden in Women’s Collegiate Water Polo.” Journal of Neurotrauma, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2022.0300.

If you have any questions about our Progesterone Saliva ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s High Sensitive CRP ELISA was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on firefighters with higher cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrate lower markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

McAllister, Matthew J., et al. “Firefighters with Higher Cardiorespiratory Fitness Demonstrate Lower Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk.” Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, vol. 64, no. 12, 2022, pp. 1036–1040., https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000002632.

If you have any questions about the High Sensitive CRP ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Human Prealbumin ELISA was utilized in a recent publication that focused on the growth biomarker for children with congenital heart disease. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Background
Failure to thrive (FTT), defined as weight or height less than the lowest 2.5 percentile for age, is prevalent in up to 66% of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Risk stratification methods to identify those who would benefit from early intervention are currently lacking. We aimed to identify a novel growth biomarker to aid clinical decision-making in children with CHD.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of patients 2 months to 10 years of age with any CHD undergoing cardiac surgery. Preoperative weight-for-age Z scores (WAZ) and height-for-age Z scores (HAZ) were calculated and assessed for association with preoperative plasma biomarkers: growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), fibroblast growth factor 21, leptin, prealbumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results
Of the 238 patients included, approximately 70% of patients had WAZ/HAZ < 0 and 34% had FTT. There was a moderate correlation between GDF-15 and WAZ/HAZ. When stratified by age, the correlation of GDF-15 to WAZ and HAZ was strongest in children under 2 years of age and persisted in the setting of inflammation (CRP > 0.5 mg/dL). Diagnoses commonly associated with congestive heart failure had high proportions of FTT and median GDF-15 levels. Prealbumin was not correlated with WAZ or HAZ.

Conclusions
GDF-15 represents an important growth biomarker in children with CHD, especially those under 2 years of age who have diagnoses commonly associated with CHF. Our data do not support prealbumin as a long-term growth biomarker.

Paneitz, Dane C, et al. “Growth Differentiation Factor 15: A Novel Growth Biomarker for Children with Congenital Heart Disease.” World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, vol. 13, no. 6, 2022, pp. 745–751., https://doi.org/10.1177/21501351221118080.

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