Category: Publication Spotlight

The Eagle Bioscience’s Total FGF-21 ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on increased fibrosis in white adipose tissue. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Fibrosis is a pathological state caused by excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in a tissue. Male bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice experience metabolic dysfunction with a marked decrease in lifespan and with increased fibrosis in several tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT), which is more pronounced in the subcutaneous (Sc) depot. The current study expanded on these initial findings to evaluate WAT fibrosis in female bGH mice and the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the development of WAT fibrosis. Our findings established that female bGH mice, like males, experience a depot-dependent increase in WAT fibrosis, and bGH mice of both sexes have elevated circulating levels of several markers of collagen turnover. Using various methods, TGF-β signaling was found unchanged or decreased—as opposed to an expected increase—despite the marked fibrosis in WAT of bGH mice. However, acute GH treatments in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo did elicit a modest increase in TGF-β signaling in some experimental systems. Finally, single nucleus RNA sequencing confirmed no perturbation in TGF-β or its receptor gene expression in any WAT cell subpopulations of Sc bGH WAT; however, a striking increase in B lymphocyte infiltration in bGH WAT was observed. Overall, these data suggest that bGH WAT fibrosis is independent of the action of TGF-β and reveals an intriguing shift in immune cells in bGH WAT that should be further explored considering the increasing importance of B cell–mediated WAT fibrosis and pathology.

Bell, Stephen, et al. “Increased Fibrosis in White Adipose Tissue of Male and Female BGH Transgenic Mice Appears Independent of TGF-β Action.” Endocrinology, vol. 164, no. 5, 2023.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s 8-Isoprostane ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that assessed cerebral vascular diseases and prediction of stroke risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using multimodal biomarkers. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Badr, Marwa Y., et al. “Assessment of Incidence of Cerebral Vascular Diseases and Prediction of Stroke Risk in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Using Multimodal Biomarkers.” The Clinical Respiratory Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, 2023, pp. 211–228.

If you have any questions about our 8-Isoprostane ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Ferritin ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on the examination of functional properties, protein quality, and iron bioavailability of low-phytate in pea protein ingredients. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

The effect of seed phytate content (regular and low) on the composition (protein and mineral content), protein quality [in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (IVPDCAAS)], iron bioavailability, and functionality (solubility, oil/water holding capacity, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsion stability) of pea flours and extracted protein isolates was investigated. There was 37–45% less phytate in the flours of the low-phytate varieties compared to the regular varieties and approximately 39% less for the isolates. Upon extraction of protein, phytate increased over threefold, but for the mineral ions, this was selective in that Fe²⁺ ions increased more than threefold, while Ca²⁺ content halved. The phytate content did not influence the IVPDCAAS of the flours or isolates. The functional properties of the isolates and flours were largely similar between the low and regular phytate varieties. For each variety, iron was more bioavailable in the flours (10.5–22.0 ng ferritin/mg protein) than in the isolates (2.9–16.5 ng/mg). The low-phytate flours (20.6 ng/mg) had overall higher iron bioavailability than the regular phytate pea flours (10.7 ng/mg). For the isolates, this trend was not significant, possibly due to high intra-variety variation and the limited number of samples; however, the mean iron bioavailability value of the three low-phytate isolates was three times greater than that of the two regular phytate isolates. In conclusion, protein isolates extracted from low-phytate varieties did not show deleterious or positive impacts on the functional characteristics or protein quality; more evidence is required for iron bioavailability.

Chigwedere, C.M., Stone, A., Konieczny, D. et al. Examination of the functional properties, protein quality, and iron bioavailability of low-phytate pea protein ingredients. Eur Food Res Technol (2023).

If you have any questions about our Ferritin ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Anti-dsDNA ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on anti-double stranded DNA antibodies. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

This work reports the first amperometric biosensor for the simultaneous determination of the single or total content of the most relevant human immunoglobulin isotypes (hIgs) of anti-dsDNA antibodies, dsDNA-hIgG, dsDNA-hIgM, dsDNA-hIgA and dsDNA-three hIgs, which are considered relevant biomarkers in prevalent autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as of interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The bioplatform involves the use of neutravidin-functionalized magnetic microparticles (NA-MBs) modified with a laboratory-prepared biotinylated human double-stranded DNA (b-dsDNA) for the efficient capture of specific autoantibodies that are enzymatically labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme using specific secondary antibodies for each isotype or a mixture of secondary antibodies for the total content of the three isotypes. Transduction was performed by amperometry (−0.20 V vs. the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) using the H₂O₂/hydroquinone (HQ) system after trapping the resulting magnetic bioconjugates on each of the four working electrodes of a disposable quadruple transduction platform (SP₄CEs). The bioplatform demonstrated attractive operational characteristics for clinical application and was employed to determine the individual or total hIgs classes in serum from healthy individuals and from patients diagnosed with SLE and AD. The target concentrations in AD patients are provided for the first time in this work. In addition, the results for SLE patients and control individuals agree with those obtained by applying ELISA tests as well as with the clinical ranges reported by other authors, using individual detection methodologies restricted to centralized settings or clinical laboratories.

Arévalo, Beatriz, et al. “Anti-Double Stranded DNA Antibodies: Electrochemical Isotyping in Autoimmune and Neurological Diseases.” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1257, 2023, p. 341153.

If you have any questions about our Anti-dsDNA ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin Sensitive ELISA Kit was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on dietary tryptophan deficiency. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Rankin, Lucille C., et al. “Dietary Tryptophan Deficiency Promotes Gut Rorγt+ Treg Cells at the Expense of GATA3+ Treg Cells and Alters Commensal Microbiota Metabolism.” Cell Reports, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, p. 112135.

If you have any questions about the Serotonin Sensitive ELISA Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how fecal keratin 8 is a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal injury. Check out the full text and abstract below!

Abstract

Specific biomarkers of intestinal injury associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are needed to diagnose and monitor intestinal mucosal injury and recovery. This study aims to develop and test a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect the total keratin 8 (K8) in the stool of newborns with NEC and investigate the clinical value of fecal K8 as a marker of intestinal injury specifically associated with NEC. We collected fecal samples from five newborns with NEC and five gestational age-matched premature neonates without NEC at the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford and Washington University School of Medicine, respectively. Fecal K8 levels were measured using a modified ELISA protocol and Western blot, and fecal calprotectin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Clinical data, including gestational age, birth weight, Bell stage for NEC, feeding strategies, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and other pertinent clinical variables, were collected and analyzed. Fecal K8 levels were significantly higher in the pre-NEC group (1–2 days before diagnosis of NEC) and NEC group than those in the non-NEC group. Moreover, fecal K8 was relatively higher at the onset of NEC and declined after the resolution of the disease. Results with similar trends to fecal K8 were also seen in fecal calprotectin, but not seen in total WBC count. In conclusion, a modified ELISA protocol for the total K8 protein was successfully developed for the detection of fecal K8 in the clinical setting of premature newborns with NEC. Fecal K8 is noted to be significantly increased in premature newborns with NEC and may, therefore, serve as a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal epithelial injury associated with NEC.

Wang, Kewei, et al. “Fecal Keratin 8 Is a Noninvasive and Specific Marker for Intestinal Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.” Journal of Immunology Research, vol. 2023, 2023, pp. 1–8.

If you have any questions about our Calprotectin ELISA Assay or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Bevacizumab mAb-based ELISA was utilized in a recent publication! This study focused on sustained ocular delivery of Bevacizumab using densomeres in rabbits. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate that a single administration of an anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody, when integrated into a novel biodegradable Densomere composed only of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and polymer, maintains molecular integrity, sustained release, and prolonged bioactivity in vitro and in vivo for up to 12 months.

Methods: Bevacizumab, a high-molecular-weight antibody (140,000–150,000 Da) was incorporated at 5% loading into Densomere microparticle carriers (DMCs) for injection to observe in vitro release over time from an aqueous suspension. The molecular integrity of the released bevacizumab was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and size-exclusion chromatography–high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC). Anti-angiogenic bioactivity in vivo was assessed using the rabbit corneal suture model for suppression of neovascular encroachment from the limbus following a single subconjunctival administration.

Results: Continuous release of bevacizumab in vitro was observed in serial samples over a period of 12 months. ELISA and SEC-HPLC yielded profiles from aqueous supernatant samples indistinguishable from the reference bevacizumab. A single subconjunctival administration in rabbit eyes significantly suppressed corneal neovascularization in vivo compared to control eyes for 12 months.

Conclusions: The Densomere carrier platform maintained the molecular integrity of bevacizumab with a prolonged release profile in vitro and demonstrated sustained in vivo drug delivery with continuous bioactivity in the rabbit cornea eye model for 12 months.

Translational Relevance: The Densomere platform provides a significant opportunity for prolonged delivery of biologics in ocular and other tissues.

Peterson, Jan S., et al. “Sustained Ocular Delivery of Bevacizumab Using Densomeres in Rabbits: Effects on Molecular Integrity and Bioactivity.” Translational Vision Science & Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, p. 28.

If you have any questions about our Bevacizumab mAb-based ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Histamine ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that explored how exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Adhikari, P., Ayo, T.E., Vines, J.C. et al. Exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Inflamm. Res. 72, 639–649 (2023).

If you have any questions about our Histamine ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Anti-LKM1 ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on liver kidney microsome antibodies. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Sanchez, Sandra, et al. “Liver Kidney Microsome Antibodies. Analysis of a Laboratory Series.” Practical Laboratory Medicine, vol. 33, 2023.

If you have any questions about the Anti-LKM1 ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on patient-derived Enterococcus mundtii. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

The genus Enterococcus is commonly overpopulated in patients with depression compared to healthy control in the feces. Therefore, we isolated Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus mundtii from the feces of patients with comorbid inflammatory bowel disease with depression and examined their roles in depression in vivo and in vitro.

Of these Enterococci, E. mundtii NK1516 most potently induced NF-κB-activated TNF-α and IL-6 expression in BV2 microglia cells. NK1516 also caused the most potent depression-like behaviors in the absence of sickness behaviors, neuroinflammation, downregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin (5-HT) levels in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, E. mundtii NK1516 reduced the mRNA expression of Htr1a in the hippocampus. Its capsular polysaccharide (CP), but not cytoplasmic components, also caused depression-like behaviors and reduced BDNF and serotonin levels in the hippocampus. Conversely, this was not observed with Enterococcus mundtiiATCC882, a well-known probiotic, or its CP. Orally gavaged fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated NK1516 CP was detected in the hippocampus of mice. The NK1516 genome exhibited unique CP biosynthesis-related genes (capD, wbjC, WecB, vioB), unlike that of ATCC882. These findings suggest that Enterococcus mundtii may be a risk factor for depression.

Joo, Min-Kyung, et al. “Patient-Derived Enterococcus Mundtii and Its Capsular Polysaccharides Cause Depression through the Downregulation of NF-ΚB-Involved Serotonin and BDNF Expression.” Microbes and Infection, 2023, p. 105116.

If you have any questions about the Serotonin ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.