Category: Biomarker Spotlight

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Osteoprotegerin Biomarker Spotlight

by Eagle Biosciences

Osteoprotegerin Biomarker Spotlight

Osteoprotegerin (ORG) is a secreted protein that affects bone turnover and is implicated in heart and kidney disease. It is a glycoprotein of the TNF receptor superfamily 11b (gene name TNFRSF11B). OPG is synthesized as a monomer of 380 amino acids and is assembled as a homodimer within the cell and then secreted mainly as a disulfide-linked homodimer into the extracellular compartment. OPG is produced by many different tissues and cell types including osteoblasts. OPG is a negative regulator of bone resorption by acting as decoy receptor for RANKL, thus neutralizing its function in osteoclastogenesis. This glycoprotein is also involved in the regulation of vascular calcification. A recent study identifies OPG as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients after kidney transplantation. 982 prevalent kidney transplant (KT) recipients were followed up for all-cause mortality for 6 years. The researchers observed that each 1 pmol/L higher-serum OPG level was associated with a 49% higher risk of mortality.

Association between serum osteoprotegerin level and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Gupta V et al., 2021. Transpl Int 19. doi: 10.1111/tri.13847. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33606319.

Osteoprotegerin Related Products

Osteoprotegerin ELISA Assay Kit
Sclerostin ELISA Assay Kit
Periostin ELISA Assay Kit

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Big Endothelin-1 Biomarker Spotlight

by Eagle Biosciences

Big Endothelin-1 Biomarker Spotlight

Big Endothelin-1 (Big ET-1) is a protein that is mainly produced by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Big ET-1 is a precursor to Endothelin (ET), the most potent vasoconstrictor known today. The half life of ET is less than one minute, whereas Big ET-1 is cleared more slowly. Big ET-1 can therefore be determined more easily, and has since been identified as a risk factor for a poor prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation or coronary artery disease. A current study has shown that plasma concentrations of Big ET-1 is a valuable tool for risk stratification in patients with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Other studies have also recognized the effectiveness of Big ET-1 as a predictor for numerous cardiovascular diseases.

Prognostic value of plasma big endothelin-1 in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Fan P, et al. Heart 2020;0:1–6. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317059

Plasma big endothelin-1 is an effective predictor for ventricular arrythmias and end-stage events in primary prevention implantable cardioverter- defibrillator indication patients. Li XY et al., 2020. J Geriatr Cardiol 28;17(7):427-433.

Plasma big endothelin-1 predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation after surgical septal myectomy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Song C et al., 2019. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 22;19(1):122.

Plasma level of big endothelin-1 predicts the prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Wang Y et al., 2017. Int J Cardiol 15;243:283-289.

Related Products:

Big Endothelin-1 ELISA Assay Kit.
NT-proANP ELISA Assay Kit
NT-proCNP ELISA Assay Kit
NT-proBNP ELISA
BNP Fragment ELISA Assay Kit

If you have any questions regarding our Big Endothelin-1 ELISA Assay Kit or any other kits in the Cardiovascular Assay line, contact us here.

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Eagle Biosciences Biomarker Spotlight: Anti-Glycoprotein

by Eagle Biosciences

Glycoprotein 2 (GP2), the pancreatic major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, is has been recognized in recent years as the major antigenic target of Crohn’s Disease specific anti-pancreatic antibodies. Anti-Glycoprotein (Anti-GP2) IgA and IgG antibodies have been studied as critical biomarkers for the detection of a number of diseases, including Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Pancreatitis GP2 ELISA

Eagle partner Generic Assays offers a highly sensitive ELISA for the detection of acute pancreatitis-specific GP2 in serum.

Read more about related products by following these links:
Pancreatitis GP2
Sharpening the CD/UC discrimination: Antibodies to Glycoprotein 2
Pancreatic GP2-Specific Auto-Antibodies are Markers of Crohn’s Disease

GP2 Antibody Assays can be found here:

Anti-GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) IgA ELISA Assay Kit
Anti-GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) IgG ELISA Assay Kit

Contact us for more information about our GP2 related assay kits.

References

Lael Werner, Daniela Paclik, Christina Fritz, Dirk Reinhold, Dirk Roggenbuck, Andreas Sturm. Identification of Pancreatic Glycoprotein 2 as an Endogenous Immunomodulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. The Journal of Immunology. September 15, 2012, 189 (6) 2774-2783; DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103190. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1103190

Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.; Roggenbuck, Dirk; Reinhold, Dirk; Wex, Thomas; Pavlidis, Polychronis; von Arnim, Ulrike; Malfertheiner, Peter; Forbes, Alastair; Conrad, Karsten; Laass, Martin W. (2012) Pancreatic-specific autoantibodies to glycoprotein 2 mirror disease location and behaviour in younger patients with Crohn’s disease. BMC Gastroenterology. 102 (12) 1; DOI: 10.1186/1471-230X-12-102. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-12-102

Roggenbuck, D., Goihl, A., Hanack, K., et al. (2016). Serological diagnosis and prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis by analysis of serum glycoprotein 2. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 55(6), pp. 854-864. Retrieved 23 Sep. 2019, from doi:10.1515/cclm-2016-0797.

Valentina Somma, Hani Ababneh, Ahmad Ababneh, et al., “The Novel Crohn’s Disease Marker Anti-GP2 Antibody Is Associated with Ileocolonic Location of Disease,” Gastroenterology Research and Practice, vol. 2013, Article ID 683824, 7 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/683824.

Shulan Zhang, Ziyan Wu, Jing Luo, Xuefeng Ding, Chaojun Hu, Ping Li, Chuiwen Deng, Fengchun Zhang, Jiaming Qian, Yongzhe Li. (2015). Diagnostic Potential of Zymogen Granule Glycoprotein 2 Antibodies as Serologic Biomarkers in Chinese Patients with Crohn Disease. Medicine, 94 (42). doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001654.

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Biomarker Spotlight: Noggin

by Eagle Biosciences

Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones. Noggin is crucial during embryogenesis and is involved in the regulation of several developmental processes, including neural tube formation, cardiomycyte growth, skeletal development, and joint formation. Noggin is highly conserved in vertebrates, and is found in certain areas of the central nervous system, lungs, skeletal muscles, and skin of adults.

Why is it important?

Research has shown that noggin plays a role in learning, cognition, bone development, and neural tube function, as well as nervous system, somite and skeletal development. A lack of noggin during embryo development can lead to stunted bone growth, missing skeletal elements, or failure to develop articulating joints. Mutations of the noggin gene can cause joint fusions, multiple synostosis, proximal symphalangism and other deformities or syndromes.

In adult patients, increased levels of noggin in plasma have been linked to obesity.

NOGGIN has also been linked to:
Bone Tumors
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

Eagle Biosciences offers a highly sensitive Metal Enhanced Direct Sandwich Fluorescence Immunoassay to test for Noggin.
FluoBolt-Noggin Fluorescence Immunoassay

Contact us for more information about our Noggin Assay.

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Biomarker Spotlight: GFAP

by Eagle Biosciences

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a monomeric intermediate protein found in the astroglial cells of the Central Nervous System. Astroglial cells are found in the white and gray matter of the brain. GFAP and other intermediate filaments provide support and nourishment for cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Why is GFAP Important?

Astroglial cells produce GFAP when an injury or trauma damages the cells of the central nervous system. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a promising research brain-specific glial-derived biomarker for TBI (traumatic brain injury) in adults and children. Studies have demonstrated that GFAP is released into serum following a TBI within an hour of injury and remains elevated for several days after injury. All indications are the GFAP is an interesting biomarker for indication of a TBI and retinal stress.

Eagle Biosciences offers the most sensitive assays available worldwide in simple-to-use ELISA and Chemiluminescence formats for detecting GFAP:

Contact us to talk about how we can help with an evaluation GFAP ELISA or GFAP CLIA assays.