Author: Eagle Biosciences

The Eagle Bioscience’s NSE ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent publication! This study investigated the challenges of using electrochemical immunosensors for the early detection of small cell lung cancer.

Abstract

Early and rapid detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is highly significant, as it is putative biomarker for small-cell lung cancer as well as COVID-19. Electrochemical techniques have attracted substantial attention for the early detection of cancer biomarkers due to the important properties of simplicity, high sensitivity, specificity, low cost, and point-of-care detection. This work reviews the clinically relevant labeled and label-free electrochemical immunosensors developed so far for the analysis of NSE. The prevailing role of nanostructured materials as electrode matrices is thoroughly discussed. Subsequently, the key performances of various immunoassays are critically evaluated in terms of limit of detection, linear ranges, and incubation time for clinical translation. Electrochemical techniques coupled with screen-printed electrodes developing market level commercialization of NSE sensors is also discussed. Finally, the review concludes with the current challenges associated with available methods and provides a future outlook toward commercialization opportunities for easy detection of NSE.

Daisy Mehta, Divyani Gupta, Alankar Kafle, Sukhjot Kaur, and Tharamani C. Nagaiah. Advances and Challenges in Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors for Small Cell Lung Cancer Biomarker Neuron-Specific Enolase. ACS Omega 2024 9 (1), 33-51 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06388

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Eagle Bioscience’s Human Ceruloplasmin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! The study sought to learn about the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in those with chronic heart failure. Check out the abstract and full text below!

Abstract

In heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, Sacubitril/valsartan(S/V) increased proBNPT71 glycosylation, which is regulated negatively by hypoxia via miR-30a in-vitro. Using a cohort of 73 HFrEF patients who were transitioned from standard HF medication to S/V, we found that the increase in proBNP T71 glycosylation after S/V was associated with a decrease in cardiac hypoxia. We further found that plasma levels of K709-acteylatedHIF1a, HIF-regulated and HIF-independent biomarkers also evolved consistently with a decrease in hypoxia. We further confirmed that biomarker changes were related to hypoxia, in a rat model subjected to isobaric hypoxia. We measured them in rats subjected to isobaric hypoxia. Overall, these data strongly suggest that optimally treated HFrEF patients exhibited sub clinical hypoxia that is improved by S/V. The data also posit proBNP T71 glycosylation as a biomarker of cardiac hypoxia.

Nougué, Picard, Cohen-Solal et al. Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on cardiac and systemic hypoxia in chronic heart failure. iScience (2024) 27 (1), 108520 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108520

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A recent study utilized the Total Complement Functional Screen ELISA from Svar Life Sciences! Check out the abstract and full text below.

Abstract

Reservoir host associations have been observed among and within Borrelia genospecies, and host complement-mediated killing is a major determinant in these interactions. In North America, only a subset of Borrelia burgdorferi lineages cause the majority of disseminated infections in humans. We hypothesize that differential resistance to human complement-mediated killing may be a major phenotypic determinant of whether a lineage can establish systemic infection. As a corollary, we hypothesize that borreliacidal action may differ among human subjects. To test these hypotheses, we isolated primary B. burgdorferi clones from field-collected ticks and determined whether the killing effects of human serum differed among those clones in vitro and/or whether these effects were consistent among human sera. Clones associated with human invasiveness did not show higher survival in human serum compared to noninvasive clones. These results indicate that differential complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages is not a determinant of invasiveness in humans. Only one significant difference in the survivorship of individual clones incubated in different human sera was detected, suggesting that complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi is usually similar among humans. Mechanisms other than differential human complement-mediated killing of B. burgdorferi lineages likely explain why only certain lineages cause the majority of disseminated human infections.

Pearson, P.; Rich, C.; Siegel, E.L.; Brisson, D.; Rich, S.M. Differential Resistance of Borrelia burgdorferi Clones to Human Serum-Mediated Killing Does Not Correspond to Their Predicted Invasiveness. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101238

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Eagle Bioscience’s GLP-2 ELISA Assay Kit was highlighted in recent publication! The scientists in this study induced the physiological secretion of GLP-2 via nanoparticles to help them develop a combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Check out the abstract and full article below.

Abstract

Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment consist of anti-inflammatory products. In this study, we sought to induce the physiological secretion of glucagon-like peptide 2, a peptide with intestinal growth-promoting activity, via nanoparticles while simultaneously providing with immunomodulation by tailoring the nanoparticle surface. To this end, we developed hybrid lipid hyaluronate-KPV conjugated nanoparticles loaded with teduglutide for combination therapy in IBD. The nanocarriers induced (or did not induce) immunosuppression depending on the presence (or absence) of a hyaluronan-KPV functionalization. This strategy holds promise as a nanoparticle platform for combined mucosal healing and immunomodulation in IBD treatment.

V. Marotti, et al. A nanoparticle platform for combined mucosal healing and immunomodulation in inflammatory bowel disease treatment, Bioactive Materials, Volume 32, 2024, Pages 206-221, ISSN 2452-199X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.014.

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent study! This study investigated whether microbiome profiles can indidcate stress reactivity in ulcerative colitis. Check out the abstract and full text below!

Abstract

Background: Stress reactivity (SR) is associated with increased risk of flares in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Because both preclinical and clinical data support that stress can influence gut microbiome composition and function, we investigated whether microbiome profiles of SR exist in UC.

Methods: Ninety-one UC subjects in clinical and biochemical remission were classified into high and low SR groups by questionnaires. Baseline and longitudinal characterization of the intestinal microbiome was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal and plasma global untargeted metabolomics. Microbe, fecal metabolite, and plasma metabolite abundances were analyzed separately to create random forest classifiers for high SR and biomarker-derived SR scores.

Results: High SR reactivity was characterized by altered abundance of fecal microbes, primarily in the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families; fecal metabolites including reduced levels of monoacylglycerols (endocannabinoid-related) and bile acids; and plasma metabolites including increased 4-ethyl phenyl sulfate, 1-arachidonoylglycerol (endocannabinoid), and sphingomyelin. Classifiers generated from baseline microbe, fecal metabolite, and plasma metabolite abundance distinguished high vs low SR with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively. Stress reactivity scores derived from these classifiers were significantly associated with flare risk during 6 to 24 months of follow-up, with odds ratios of 3.8, 4.1, and 4.9. Clinical flare and intestinal inflammation did not alter fecal microbial abundances but attenuated fecal and plasma metabolite differences between high and low SR.

Conclusions: High SR in UC is characterized by microbial signatures that predict clinical flare risk, suggesting that the microbiome may contribute to stress-induced UC flares.

Jonathan P Jacobs, Jenny S Sauk, Aaron I Ahdoot, Fengting Liang, William Katzka, Hyo Jin Ryu, Ariela Khandadash, Venu Lagishetty, Jennifer S Labus, Bruce D Naliboff, Emeran A Mayer, Microbial and Metabolite Signatures of Stress Reactivity in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Clinical Remission Predict Clinical Flare Risk, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2023;, izad185, https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izad185

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Glutathione Total Assay Kit and Malondialdehyde HPLC Assay Kit were highlighted in a recent study! The study was conduct to examine the shielding influence of cinnamic acid against lung fibrosis induced by methotrexate. Check out the abstract and full article below!

Abstract

Purpose: Lung fibrosis is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by excessive accumulation of scarred tissue, leading to lung architecture destruction and restricted ventilation. The current work was conducted to examine the probable shielding influence of cinnamic acid against lung fibrosis induced by methotrexate.

Methods: Rats were pre-treated with oral administration of cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, whereas methotrexate (14 mg/kg) was orally given on the 5th and 12th days of the experiment. Pirfenidone (50 mg/kg/day) was used as a standard drug. At the end of the experiment, oxidative parameters (malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, and total glutathione) and inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8), as well as transforming growth factor-β and collagen content, as fibrosis indicators, were measured in lung tissue.

Results: Our results revealed that cinnamic acid, as pirfenidone, effectively prevented the methotrexate-induced overt histopathological damage. This was associated with parallel improvements in oxidative, inflammatory, and fibrotic parameters measured. The outcomes of cinnamic acid administration were more or less the same as those of pirfenidone. In conclusion, pre-treatment with cinnamic acid protects against methotrexate-induced fibrosis, making it a promising prophylactic adjuvant therapy to methotrexate and protecting against its possible induction of lung fibrosis.

Abdalhameid, E., Abd El-Haleim, E.A., Abdelsalam, R.M. et al. Cinnamic acid mitigates methotrexate-induced lung fibrosis in rats: comparative study with pirfenidone. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02652-w

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The Eagle Bioscience’s Secretory IgA ELISA Assay Kit was highlighted in a recent publication! This study conducted a double-blind randomized trial to help determine if synbiotic supplementation is effective in healthy adults. Check out the abstract and full text below.

Abstract

Synbiotics are increasingly used by the general population to boost immunity. However, there is limited evidence concerning the immunomodulatory effects of synbiotics in healthy individuals. Therefore, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 106 healthy adults. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (containing Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 1.5 × 108 CFU/d, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 7.5 × 107 CFU/d, and fructooligosaccharide 500 mg/d) or placebo for 8 weeks. Immune parameters and gut microbiota composition were measured at baseline, mid, and end of the study. Compared to the placebo group, participants receiving synbiotic supplementation exhibited greater reductions in plasma C-reactive protein (P = 0.088) and interferon-gamma (P = 0.008), along with larger increases in plasma interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.008) and stool secretory IgA (sIgA) (P = 0.014). Additionally, synbiotic supplementation led to an enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Collinsella) and several functional pathways related to amino acids and short-chain fatty acids biosynthesis, whereas reduced potential pro-inflammatory Parabacteroides compared to baseline. Importantly, alternations in anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and sIgA) were significantly correlated with microbial variations triggered by synbiotic supplementation. Stratification of participants into two enterotypes based on pre-treatment Prevotella-to-Bacteroides (P/B) ratio revealed a more favorable effect of synbiotic supplements in individuals with a higher P/B ratio. In conclusion, this study suggested the beneficial effects of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters, which were correlated with synbiotics-induced microbial changes and modified by microbial enterotypes. These findings provided direct evidence supporting the personalized supplementation of synbiotics for immunomodulation.

Xiaoqin Li, Shan Hu, Jiawei Yin, Xiaobo Peng, Lei King, Linyan Li, Zihui Xu, Li Zhou, Zhao Peng, Xiaolei Ze, Xuguang Zhang, Qiangchuan Hou, Zhilei Shan & Liegang Liu (2023) Effect of synbiotic supplementation on immune parameters and gut microbiota in healthy adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial, Gut Microbes, 15:2, DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2247025

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