The zonulin biomarker is a pre-haptoglobin (pre-HP2) protein found in the gut. It is responsible for the permeability of the mucosal barrier of the intestines. When zonulin binds to the epithelial cells of the intestines a signal cascade is induced. This cascade disassembles the paracellular tight junctions of the intestinal wall. The tight junctions of the intestinal walls are one of two ways that allow molecules to transfer from the gut lumen to the bloodstream and vice versa. 

Why Measure Zonulin?

When zonulin levels in the gut increase and go out of balance, these junctions open wider and stay open longer. These widened entry points allow larger macromolecules into the bloodstream or into the gut lumen. The molecules that pass through these breaches can increase the body’s natural immune reaction, causing inflammation and a number of autoimmune diseases. 

Diseases Associated with Increased Zonulin Levels:

  • Celiac Disease
  • Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity
  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
  • Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D)
  • Type-1 Diabetes
  • Liver Disease
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis

image credit: https://physrev.physiology.org/

Related Kits

Zonulin Stool ELISA Assay

image credit: news.medicine.iu.edu

In healthy brains, tau acts as a stabiliser, but when the proteins become defective, they can form into bundles of tangled filaments, which are thought to impede communication between brain cells, leading to the neurodegeneration and reduced cognitive ability seen in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.

“It’s clear that tau is extremely important to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and certain forms of dementia. In terms of designing therapeutic agents, the possibilities are now enormous.” – Bernardino Ghetti from Indiana University

Dockrill, Peter. “Scientists Have Uncovered The Atomic Structure of a Key Alzheimer’s Protein For The First Time.” IU School of Medicine Newsroom. Indiana University, 06 July 2017. Web. 11 July 2017.

image credit: hub.jhu.edu/

According to the researchers, the new technology—known as LASSO cloning—speeds up the creation of proteins, the final products of genes, and is likely to lead to far more rapid discovery of new medicines and biomarkers for scores of diseases.

“Our goal is to make it cheap and easy for any researcher in any field to clone and express the entire set of proteins from any organism,” says Ben Larman, an assistant professor of pathology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the study’s co-senior author. “Until now, such a prospect was only realistic for high-powered research consortia studying model organisms like fruit flies or mice.”


Chanapa Tantibanchachai  “With powerful new technique, scientists can clone thousands of genes at once.” The Hub. John’s Hopkins University, 05 July 2017. Web. 11 July 2017.

image credit: https://www.nature.com/news/

Personalized Cancer Vaccines Show Glimmer of Success

In two small clinical trials, led by Catherine Wu a the Dana-Farber Institute of Cancer, six people with skin cancer showed a positive immune response after the injection of a personalized cancer vaccine engineered specifically for their tumors. 

Read More.

Ledford, Heidi. “Personalized cancer vaccines show glimmers of success.” Nature News. Nature Publishing Group, 05 July 2017. Web. 06 July 2017.

EagleBio’s Calretinin ELISA  Assay Kit was recently used in a study for the detection of malignant mesothelioma. This assay is a part of our Cancer Biomarker Kit line which is comprised of unique,versatile set of products for a variety of applications, research, and fields of study. Check out the product pages for full details on the kit or view the links below to find a new publication referencing our Calretinin ELISA Assay Kit.

Johnen, G., Gawrych, K., Raiko, I,. et al. “Calretinin as a blood-based biomarker for mesothelioma.” BMC Cancer. (2017) Vol. 17:386

“Concentrations of calretinin in plasma and serum samples were determined as described. In brief, a 1:1500 dilution of purified rabbit polyclonal anti-calretinin was used as capture antibody and a 1:5000 dilution of biotinylated polyclonal anti-calretinin as detection antibody. Samples (plasma or serum) were diluted 1:5 in Tris-buffered saline  supplemented with 5 mM CaCl2. A volume of 100 μl of a diluted sample was used for each determination. Calretinin concentrations were determined from a standard curve of human purified recombinant calretinin diluted between 10 and 0.08 ng/mL run in parallel on each plate. All determinations of calretinin were performed in the laboratory of the IPA.” Read More.

The Vedolizumab(Entyvio®)Antibodies Elisa Assay can be found in Eagle Biosciences’ Drug Monitoring Assay Kit Line. The Drug Monitoring Assay Kit line offers a wide range of kits for the to measure the presence and effectiveness of a wide rang of drugs in the body.

Our Vedolizumab Antibodies Elisa Assay measures the presence of anti-Verdolizumab antibodies in the blood.

What are the benfits to measuring Vedolizumab Antibodies?

The drug Vedolizumab is a humanised immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds exclusively to the lymphocyte integrin α4β7. It is used for the treatment of moderately to severely ulcerative colitis [UC] or Crohn’s disease [CD]. During treatment, the presence of persistent anti-Vedolizumab antibody can be observed to substantially reduce serum concentrations of Vedolizumab in the bloodstream, either to undetectable or negligible levels, reducing the effectiveness of the treatment.

The Eagle Biosciences Antibody to Vedolizumab ELISA Assay kit has been designed for the measurement of free antibodies against this drug to detect treatment effectiveness.

 

Mesothelioma

Two million tons of asbestos are still being manufactured annually. Every year over 100,000 people die from cancer diseases caused by being exposed to asbestos. One common type of asbestos-related cancer causing disease is mesothelioma.

The gold standard for diagnosing mesothelioma is biopsies. These procedures can often be invasive and due to the long latency period of mesothelioma (on average it takes 20-40 years before symptoms of the disease to occur for diagnosis) a diagnosis is often made in the later stages of the disease, but early detection is key for the treatment of mesothelioma. 

Calretinin is a calcium binding protein expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems of the body, as well normal body tissues such as the mesothelium cells that are affected by asbestos causing mesothelioma. Research has shown that calretinin is a useful biomarker for distinguishing malignant mesothelial tumors.

The new Calretinin ELISA Assay was developed by the cooperation of DLD Diagnostika and the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA).

This assay is highly specific, sensitive and applicable for the early detection of human calretinin. The new test is validated in large case-control studies and is also involved in a prospective study. 

 

Carletinin will add to a list of possible candidates for a biomarker panel; the more markers present the more marker combination with possible advantages there are to choose from. 

What is ENDOSTATIN?


Endostatin is the biologically active 20-kDa
C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII.

Which function does it have?Endostatin is a highly potent inhibitor of
angiogenesis
: it induces microvascular endothelial cell
apoptosis and inhibits endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis.

What is the clinical relevance
of Endostatin? Remodelling of the extracellular matrix is
present in various types of renal disease e.g. in renal carcinoma and fibrosis.
Endostatin is currently being tested as an anti-angiogenic drug.

Endostatin levels
are associated with
(click here to view summary of studies):



– kidney injury in the elderly
– cardiovascular events and survival in CKD subjects
– kidney disease and mortality in patients with type 2 Diabetes
Endostatin may improve acute kidney injury risk prediction in critically
ill subjects


How can I measure
Endostatin?

Endostatin
can easily be measured with our highly specific Endostatin ELISAs

Human ENDOSTATIN ELISA

for serum, plasma & urine

sample volume: 10 µl / well

Assay Specifications

Assay Validation Data

Instructions for Use

Mouse/Rat ENDOSTATIN ELISA


for serum and plasma
sample volume: 5 µl / well

Assay Specifications

Assay Validation Data

Instruction for Use

Features and Benefits:

SUPERIOR QUALITY – kits fully
validated (internat. quality guidelines)

HIGHLY SPECIFIC KITS
– utilizing characterized antibodies

EASY
handling
all
reagents included in the kits

LOW sample volume

FAST – results in 3
hours

Get a
20% Discount on Endostatin Kits*

*Promotion is valid through June 30, 2017.


                 EagleBio Senior Team 

EagleBio participated in the 3rd annual Gate City Marathon & Relay on Sunday, May 21, 2017.  This is EagleBio’s 3rd year participating with a relay team full of rock stars!! Our group ran in the race as a 5 leg relay on a 26.2-mile course that took runners past historic former mills, rivers, parks and neighborhoods. 

This team once again amazed their fans and trimmed off 27 minutes from last year’s time! What a race day it was with fantastic weather, great course, helpful officials, and supportive crowd!  



                        EagleBio Junior Team: NYOKO

We were also very lucky to have a 2nd relay team again this year, the Junior EagleBio Team: NYOKO! This team was outstanding, they won FIRST PLACE out of all the relay teams and yes they beat the senior team above (by a lot)!

Great job, NYOKO!