Category: Publication Spotlight

The Eagle Bioscience’s BI-CAT Adrenaline & Noradrenaline ELISA was highlighted in a recent publication focusing matrix metalloproteinases and stress hormones in lung cancer progression. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and psychological stress are associated with poor cancer prognosis. The current work goal was to determine MMPs’ and stress hormones’ blood concentrations from lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients. Patients were divided into the following groups: tobacco smokers (TS), wood smoke-exposed (W), passive smokers (PS), TS exposed to wood smoke (TW), and patients with no recognizable risk factor (N). MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol blood concentrations were measured by ELISA. Zymography and Western blot assays were performed to determine MMP-2 and MMP-9 active and latent forms. MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 blood concentrations, and MMP-9 gelatinase activity were augmented, while MMP-12, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 were diminished in LAC patients. Cortisol was increased in LAC samples. Adrenaline concentrations were higher in W, TS, and TW, and noradrenaline was increased in W and N groups. Positive correlations were observed among cortisol and TIMP-1 () and TIMP-2 () in the W group and between noradrenaline and MMP-2 () in the N group. MMPs’ blood concentration increments can be considered as lung cancer progression markers. Although stress hormones were also augmented, only weak correlations were observed between them and MMPs and TIMPs.

Gonzalez-Avila, Georgina, et al. “Matrix Metalloproteinases and Stress Hormones in Lung Cancer Progression.” Journal of Oncology, vol. 2022, 2022, pp. 1–13., https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5349691.

If you have any questions about the BI-CAT Adrenaline & Noradrenaline ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit was highlighted in a recent publication focusing on the determination of serum lactate and fecal calprotectin for assessing intestinal inflammation. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Since past decades probiotics have been consistently reported to exhibit various health benefits. Probiotics are considered to stabilize the intestinal barrier and epithelial tight junction by modulating the immune functions and further hampering increased permeability disorder observed in inflammatory diseases. Several serological biomarkers such as serum lactate are utilized for determining the conditions of clinical sepsis and intestinal inflammation. Similarly, calprotectin which is also a abundant neutrophil protein found in fecal and plasma sample is responsible for elevating infectious and inflammatory conditions within the patients and rodents. The fecal calprotectin is also used for determining the underlying inflammatory response within the host upon probiotic administration. Both serum lactate and calprotectin serve as markers for the intestinal inflammation for assessing the safety of the probiotic use in the host. The main objective of this chapter is to provide the detailed experimental methods which can be considered while maintaining growth conditions and administration of probiotics within animal models and assessing the serum lactate and calprotectin levels through spectrophotometer, HPLC, and ELISA.

Shah, Firdosh, and Mitesh Kumar Dwivedi. “Determination of Serum Lactate and Fecal Calprotectin for Assessing the Intestinal Inflammation.” Methods and Protocols in Food Science, 2022, pp. 267–275., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2509-5_28.

If you have any questions about the Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The value of assay-ready cells in providing biologically relevant data for robust therapeutic development.

One of our suppliers, Svar Life Science, was recently featured in an editorial Select Science! This exclusive interview was with Dr. Peter Betz Wolff of the Analytical Development department at AGC Biologics. Dr. Wolff works to implement and develop a range of cell-based assays to meet specific client needs. He shares how his team recommends the use of assay-ready cells to provide the valuable biologically relevant data required for robust pharmaceutical development.

“Compared to non-cell-based approaches, the biggest advantage with cell-based systems is that they are a biologically relevant system, as they include data concerning internal signal cascades.” says Dr. Peter Betz Wolff. “This is of considerable interest to the authorities when reviewing potential new biologics coming to market.”

Check out the full article here.

iLite® Assay Ready Cells are developed by our partners at Svar Life Science. Their iLite technology is based upon a reporter gene assay format, modified and adapted for applications during the whole drug development cycle as well as for monitoring of biological drugs. These cell lines can be developed for any biopharmaceutical target and assays for drug potency, i.e. drug activity, and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can easily be set-up using the same cell line. The Assay Ready cells are genetically engineered to be used with a reporter gene assay technique for detection the the drug potency and the NAbs.

Check out our full portfolio of iLite Assay Ready Cells here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Mouse Albumin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on how REDD1 ablation attenuates the development of renal complications in diabetic mice. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Chronic hyperglycemia contributes to development of diabetic kidney disease by promoting glomerular injury. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that hyperglycemic conditions promote expression of the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in the kidney in a manner that contributes to the development of oxidative stress and renal injury. After 16 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, albuminuria and renal hypertrophy were observed in wild-type (WT) mice coincident with increased renal REDD1 expression. In contrast, diabetic REDD1 knockout (KO) mice did not exhibit impaired renal physiology. Histopathologic examination revealed that glomerular damage including mesangial expansion, matrix deposition, and podocytopenia in the kidneys of diabetic WT mice was reduced or absent in diabetic REDD1 KO mice. In cultured human podocytes, exposure to hyperglycemic conditions enhanced REDD1 expression, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and promoted cell death. In both the kidney of diabetic mice and in podocyte cultures exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, REDD1 deletion reduced ROS and prevented podocyte loss. Benefits of REDD1 deletion were recapitulated by pharmacological GSK3β suppression, supporting a role for REDD1-dependent GSK3β activation in diabetes-induced oxidative stress and renal defects. The results support a role for REDD1 in diabetes-induced renal complications.

Sunilkumar, Siddharth, et al. “Redd1 Ablation Attenuates the Development of Renal Complications in Diabetic Mice.” 2022, https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.20503266.v1.

If you have any questions about the Mouse Albumin ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that explored the relationship between vitamin D and leptin hormones in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Kuwait. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are prevalent in Kuwait. Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and leptin resistance are risk factors for both disorders. A correlation between the two risk factors has been suggested albeit inconsistently reported. Our objective was to determine the effect and association of VD and leptin levels and their related common variants with T2DM.\

Methods: This case-control study included 203 Kuwaiti T2DM patients and 162 healthy Kuwaiti controls. Leptin and VD levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Genotyping of LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137101, VDRrs2228570 and rs731236 was performed using Taqman genotyping assays.

Results: Leptin levels were higher in T2DM patients than controls, but vitamin D levels did not differ. No correlation was found between the levels of the two hormones. VDR rs731236G associated with T2DM risk (Odds ratio 1.66, p=0.0008). VDR haplotype analysis revealed GG/AA, GA/AA or GG/AG to associate with T2DM risk (p=0.01) and increased risk of diabetic neuropathy (p=0.002). VDR rs2228570GG associated with leptin levels in T2DM (p=0.01). Effect of LEP rs7799039 on leptin (p=0.01) and VD levels (p=0.02) was only evident in healthy controls.

Conclusions: VDR rs731236G is associated with T2DM risk in Kuwait, and a VDR haplotype of a less active, low expressing VDR is associated with T2DM and diabetic neuropathy risk. Common variants in leptin and VD related genes appear to mediate the suggested positive correlation of both hormones however their influence is disrupted in T2DM.

Lari F., Alabduljaleel T., Mojiminiyi O., et al. Exploring the Relationship Between Vitamin D and Leptin Hormones in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients from Kuwait. J Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2022; 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0091

If you have any questions about the 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Free Soluble RANKL ELISA was utilized in a recent publication focusing on Skeletal Disease acquisition in Fibrous Dysplasia. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare mosaic disorder resulting in fractures, pain, and disability. Bone lesions appear during childhood and expand during skeletal growth. The rate at which FD lesions progress and the biochemical determinants of FD lesion formation have not been established, making it difficult to investigate and implement preventative therapies. The purpose of this study was to characterize FD lesion progression in children, and to identify clinical variables associated with progressive disease. Clinical data and imaging from an ongoing natural history study at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were reviewed. 99m-Technetium methylene diphosphonate (99Tc-MDP) scans were used to determine Skeletal Burden Score (SBS), a validated quantitative scoring system. FD progression rate was determined by the change in the SBS in each patient per year. Thirty-one children had serial 99Tc-MDP scans, with a median age at first scan of 6 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4–8, range 2–10), and median follow-up 1.1 years (IQR 1.1–2.1, range 0.7–11.2). The median FD progression rate for the total group was 2.12 SBS units/year (IQR 0.81–2.94, range 0.05–7.81). FD progression rates were highest in children under age 8 years and declined with age (p = 0.03). Baseline disease severity was associated with subsequent disease progression (p = 0.009), with the highest FD progression rates in patients with moderate disease (baseline SBS 16–30), and lowest progression rates in those with severe disease (SBS ≥50). Serum levels of the bone formation marker osteocalcin were positively correlated with subsequent FD progression rate (p = 0.01, R = 0.58). There was no association between FD progression and baseline endocrinopathies, fractures, or surgery rates. FD lesions progress during childhood, particularly in younger children and those with moderate involvement. Osteocalcin may potentially serve as a biomarker for progressive disease. These findings may allow clinicians to investigate preventative therapies, and to identify children with FD who are candidates for early interventions. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Szymczuk V., Taylor J., Michel Z., Sinaii N., Boyce A.M. Skeletal Disease Acquisition in Fibrous Dysplasia: Natural History and Indicators of Lesion Progression in Children. J Bone Miner Res. 10.1002/jbmr.4618

If you have any questions about the Free Soluble RANKL ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Secretory IgA ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication focusing on how transcytosis of IgA attenuates salmonella invasion in human enteroids and intestinal organoids. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the most abundant antibody type in intestinal secretions where it contributes to safeguarding the epithelium from invasive pathogens like the Gram-negative bacterium, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). For example, we recently reported that passive oral administration of the recombinant monoclonal SIgA antibody, Sal4, to mice promotes STm agglutination in the intestinal lumen and restricts bacterial invasion of Peyer’s patch tissues. In this report, we sought to recapitulate Sal4-mediated protection against STm in human Enteroids and human intestinal organoids (HIOs) as models to decipher the molecular mechanisms by which antibodies function in mucosal immunity in the human gastrointestinal tract. We confirm that Enteroids and HIO-derived monolayers are permissive to STm infection, dependent on HilD, the master transcriptional regulator of the SPI-I type three secretion system (T3SS). Stimulation of M-like cells in both Enteroids and HIOs by the addition of RANKL further enhanced STm invasion. The apical addition of Sal4 mouse IgA, as well as recombinant human Sal4 dimeric IgA (dIgA) and SIgA resulted a dose-dependent reduction in bacterial invasion. Moreover, basolateral application of Sal4 dIgA to Enteroid and HIO monolayers gave rise to SIgA in the apical compartment via a pathway dependent on expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). The resulting Sal4 SIgA was sufficient to reduce STm invasion of Enteroid and HIO epithelial cell monolayers by ~20-fold. Recombinant Sal4 IgG was also transported in the Enteroid and HIOs, but to a lesser degree and via a pathway dependent on the neonatal Fc receptor (FCGRT). The models described lay the foundation for future studies into detailed mechanisms of IgA and IgG protection against STm and other pathogens.

Costello C.M., Willsey G.G., Richards A.F., et al. Transcytosis of IgA Attenuates Salmonella Invasion in Human Enteroids and Intestinal Organoids. Infect Immun. 2022; 90(6). 10.1128/iai.00041-22

If you have any questions about the Secretory IgA ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Rat KIM-1 ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication focusing on the dose-dependent renoprotective impact of Lactoferrin against glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical disorder with a serious impact on the quality of patients’ lives. Considering its increased worldwide prevalence, investigating novel therapeutic approaches for the management of AKI has been inevitable. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, is known to play an important role in regulating iron homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of LF (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg orally) against glycerol (GLY)-induced rhabdomyolysis (RM) in rats. RM was induced by a single intramuscular injection of GLY 50% (10 mL/kg) after 24-h water deprivation in male Sprague–Dawley rats. LF administration conferred significant dose-dependent renoprotective impact against GLY-induced RM as evidenced by the decreased renal/somatic index and the significant improvement in renal functions as confirmed by the significant increase in creatinine clearance, decrease in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and improvement in albuminuria and proteinuria. Redox homeostasis was significantly restored in a dose-dependent manner as well. Moreover, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was significantly decreased with a parallel significant decrease in renal NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), caspase-3 expression, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cluster of differentiation (CD68) expression, and a significant increase in renal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression. Ultimately, LF administration was associated with a significant amelioration of GLY-induced renal necrotic and inflammatory alterations. In conclusion, the observed dose-dependent nephroprotective effect of LF can be attributed to its modulatory impact on inflammatory/apoptotic/oxidative signaling.

Madkour A.H., Helal M.G., Said E., Salem H.A. Dose-Dependent Renoprotective Impact of Lactoferrin Against Glycerol-Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury. Life Sciences. 2022; 302:1. 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120646

If you have any questions about the Rat KIM-1 ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit was utilized in a recent publication focusing on intestinal inflammation. The researchers were trying to determine an association between intestinal inflammation and growth in preterm infants from birth to hospital discharge. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

Objective:

The aim of the study was to assess intestinal inflammatory measures, urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), and fecal calprotectin (FC) by gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) and determine the association between intestinal inflammation and growth in preterm infants from birth to hospital discharge. We hypothesized that intestinal inflammation is associated with adverse growth in preterm infants.

Methods:

We assayed repeated measures of IFABP and FC in 72 hospitalized preterm infants (<34 weeks’ gestation). We calculated weight and length z scores at birth and discharge using the Fenton growth reference. Associations between mean IFABP or FC, growth z scores at discharge, and growth faltering (weight or length z score difference <−0.8 from birth to discharge) were assessed using mixed linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for intrafamilial correlation and potential confounders: GA, sex, birth zscore, race/ethnicity, and maternal age.

Results:

Mean IFABP was greater among infants born at earlier GA and decreased with increasing PMA. Mean FC did not vary by GA or PMA. Higher mean IFABP and FC were associated with lower discharge growth z scores and greater likelihood of growth faltering significant only for mean IFABP and discharge length z score (β = −0.353, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.704 to −0.002) and mean IFABP and length faltering (odds ratio [OR] 1.99, P = 0.018).

Conclusions:

Intestinal inflammation, measured by IFABP, was associated with lower length z scores and length faltering at discharge. Interventions to prevent intestinal inflammation may improve linear growth among preterm infants.

Thai J.D., Cherkekrzian S., Filatava E.J., et al. Intestinal Inflammation is Significantly Associatedd with Length Faltering in Preterm Infants at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2022; 74(6):837-844. 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003455

If you have any questions about the Calprotectin ELISA Assay Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Mouse/Rat 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA was utilized in a recent publication focusing on the effects of exogenous progesterone on the expression of mineral regulatory molecules by ovine endometrium and placentome. Check out the full text and abstract below.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether the acceleration of conceptus development induced by the administration of exogenous progesterone (P4) during the preimplantation period of pregnancy alters calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D signaling at the maternal–conceptus interface. Suffolk ewes (n = 48) were mated to fertile rams and received daily intramuscular injections of either corn oil (CO) vehicle or 25 mg of progesterone in CO (P4) for the first 8 days of pregnancy and hysterectomized on either Day 9 (CO, n = 5; P4, n = 6), 12 (CO, n = 9; P4, n = 4) or 125 (CO, n = 14; P4, n = 10) of gestation. The expression of S100A12(P < 0.05) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) (P < 0.01) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was lower in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 12. The expression of ADAM10 (P < 0.05) mRNA was greater in endometria from P4-treated ewes on Day 125. The expression of ADAM10 (P < 0.01), FGFR2 (P < 0.05), solute carrier (SLC)20A1 (P < 0.05), TRPV5 (P < 0.05), and TRPV6 (P < 0.01) mRNAs was greater, but KL mRNA expression was lower (P < 0.05) in placentomes from P4-treated ewes at Day 125. There was lower endometrial and greater placentomal expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport in twin compared to singleton pregnancies. Further, the expression of mRNAs involved in mineral metabolism and transport was greater in P4-treated twin placentomes. KL, FGF23, vitamin D receptor (VDR), S100A9, S100A12, S100G, and CYP27B1 proteins were immunolocalized in endometria and placentomes. Exogenous P4 in early pregnancy altered the expression of regulators of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D on Day 125 of pregnancy indicating a novel effect of P4 on mineral transport at the maternal–conceptus interface.

Stenhouse C., Halloran K.M., Hoskins E.C., et al. Effects of exogenous progesterone on the expression of mineral regulatory molecules by ovine endometrium and placentomes. Biol. Reprod. 2022 https://doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioac042

If you have any questions about the Mouse/Rat 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.