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Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Total FGF-21 ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on increased fibrosis in white adipose tissue. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

Fibrosis is a pathological state caused by excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in a tissue. Male bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice experience metabolic dysfunction with a marked decrease in lifespan and with increased fibrosis in several tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT), which is more pronounced in the subcutaneous (Sc) depot. The current study expanded on these initial findings to evaluate WAT fibrosis in female bGH mice and the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the development of WAT fibrosis. Our findings established that female bGH mice, like males, experience a depot-dependent increase in WAT fibrosis, and bGH mice of both sexes have elevated circulating levels of several markers of collagen turnover. Using various methods, TGF-β signaling was found unchanged or decreased—as opposed to an expected increase—despite the marked fibrosis in WAT of bGH mice. However, acute GH treatments in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo did elicit a modest increase in TGF-β signaling in some experimental systems. Finally, single nucleus RNA sequencing confirmed no perturbation in TGF-β or its receptor gene expression in any WAT cell subpopulations of Sc bGH WAT; however, a striking increase in B lymphocyte infiltration in bGH WAT was observed. Overall, these data suggest that bGH WAT fibrosis is independent of the action of TGF-β and reveals an intriguing shift in immune cells in bGH WAT that should be further explored considering the increasing importance of B cell–mediated WAT fibrosis and pathology.

Bell, Stephen, et al. “Increased Fibrosis in White Adipose Tissue of Male and Female BGH Transgenic Mice Appears Independent of TGF-β Action.” Endocrinology, vol. 164, no. 5, 2023.


If you have any questions about our Total FGF-21 ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s 8-Isoprostane ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that assessed cerebral vascular diseases and prediction of stroke risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using multimodal biomarkers. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

Background

Early assessment of cerebrovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is an important issue for a favorable influence on the quality of life.

Methodology

This cross-sectional case–control study was conducted on 38 eligible COPD patients (mean age 55.5 ± 11.5, 25 males, and 13 females) and 26 age-/sex-matched healthy controls. All participants were subjected to stroke risk screening instruments that included the Stroke Riskometer™, the Framingham 10-Year Risk Score, the stroke risk screening tool (the Department of Disease Control of Thailand), the My Risk Stroke Calculator, and Q Stroke. Radiologically, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and echo-gradient MRI (T2 star) T2 star imaging were done. Color-coded duplex sonography was done. Laboratory investigations included C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8-Isoprostane, vWF and urinary albumin creatinine ratio.

Results

Stroke risk screening instruments revealed a significant increase in COPD patients. DTI showed a significant bilateral reduction in fractional isotropy and a significant bilateral increase in mean diffusivity of white matter through many areas in COPD patients. Patients also had a significant increase of intima–media thickness, presence of atherosclerotic focal thicknesses or plaques on duplex sonography. There was a significant elevation of CRP, serum amyloid A, plasma fibrinogen level, serum IL6, 8-isoprostane, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in COPD patients.

Conclusion

COPD patients had an increased risk for stroke that could be assessed on stroke risk screening instruments, DTI, T2 star, duplex sonography, and laboratory investigation and could be correlated with the severity of the disease.

Badr, Marwa Y., et al. “Assessment of Incidence of Cerebral Vascular Diseases and Prediction of Stroke Risk in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Using Multimodal Biomarkers.” The Clinical Respiratory Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, 2023, pp. 211–228.


If you have any questions about our 8-Isoprostane ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

What is it AgarSqueezer intended for?

AgarSqueezer is a microscope slide chamber equipped with a molded agar-based compression system. Use it to assess cell response to short and long-term mechanical confinement within a physiological rigidity range.

It is very helpful if you want to analyze how your cells will react if you squeeze them for a prolonged period. Or if you want to study how mechanical confinement affects drug cell resistance. And if you want to perform immunostaining in situ.


Kit Description:

You can choose among 2 kits:

  • The “1 AgarSqueezer kit” contains 1 AgarSqueezer device
  • The “2 AgarSqueezers kit” contains 2 AgarSqueezers devices.

In addition to the device, each kit contains also:

  • 1 x insert to hold up to 2 AgarSqueezers on the microscope stage
  • 1 x 16G flat cut needle to make holes in the agar gel, facilitating diffusion of culture medium or drugs during the experiment
  • 1 x 20G flat cut needle (same)

For users who also need a wafer to mold agarose, contact us to learn about the four different heights we offer.


Features

  1. Tunable stiffness in a physiological range [1-150] kPa – Use of agarose as a cheap and biocompatible polymer.
  2. Open access to the reservoir – Possibility to add drugs, and reagents. Easy medium renewal.
  3. Autoclavable and reusable systems.
  4. Compatibility with multiple microscopy techniques – Confocal, spinning, super-resolution. Open access for microscope objectives. Use of optical glass coverslip to make cells grow.
  5. Easy to recover coverslip with cells for subsequent molecular analysis – FACS, qPCR, Western-Blot, Immunoflourescence (possible in situ).
  6. Long-term analysis of the cell adaptation to confinement – Up to several days, for time-lapse studies.
  7. Study of the specific impact of mechanical loads on the biology of cells – Gas permeability of the system allows to get rid of the hypoxia conditions.
  8. Easy to assemble and disassemble the system

For more information about this product or any others from the Microscopy line, contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Ferritin ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on the examination of functional properties, protein quality, and iron bioavailability of low-phytate in pea protein ingredients. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

The effect of seed phytate content (regular and low) on the composition (protein and mineral content), protein quality [in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (IVPDCAAS)], iron bioavailability, and functionality (solubility, oil/water holding capacity, foaming capacity and stability, and emulsion stability) of pea flours and extracted protein isolates was investigated. There was 37–45% less phytate in the flours of the low-phytate varieties compared to the regular varieties and approximately 39% less for the isolates. Upon extraction of protein, phytate increased over threefold, but for the mineral ions, this was selective in that Fe2+ ions increased more than threefold, while Ca2+ content halved. The phytate content did not influence the IVPDCAAS of the flours or isolates. The functional properties of the isolates and flours were largely similar between the low and regular phytate varieties. For each variety, iron was more bioavailable in the flours (10.5–22.0 ng ferritin/mg protein) than in the isolates (2.9–16.5 ng/mg). The low-phytate flours (20.6 ng/mg) had overall higher iron bioavailability than the regular phytate pea flours (10.7 ng/mg). For the isolates, this trend was not significant, possibly due to high intra-variety variation and the limited number of samples; however, the mean iron bioavailability value of the three low-phytate isolates was three times greater than that of the two regular phytate isolates. In conclusion, protein isolates extracted from low-phytate varieties did not show deleterious or positive impacts on the functional characteristics or protein quality; more evidence is required for iron bioavailability.

Chigwedere, C.M., Stone, A., Konieczny, D. et al. Examination of the functional properties, protein quality, and iron bioavailability of low-phytate pea protein ingredients. Eur Food Res Technol (2023).


If you have any questions about our Ferritin ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Anti-dsDNA ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that focused on anti-double stranded DNA antibodies. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

This work reports the first amperometric biosensor for the simultaneous determination of the single or total content of the most relevant human immunoglobulin isotypes (hIgs) of anti-dsDNA antibodies, dsDNA-hIgG, dsDNA-hIgM, dsDNA-hIgA and dsDNA-three hIgs, which are considered relevant biomarkers in prevalent autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as of interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The bioplatform involves the use of neutravidin-functionalized magnetic microparticles (NA-MBs) modified with a laboratory-prepared biotinylated human double-stranded DNA (b-dsDNA) for the efficient capture of specific autoantibodies that are enzymatically labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme using specific secondary antibodies for each isotype or a mixture of secondary antibodies for the total content of the three isotypes. Transduction was performed by amperometry (−0.20 V vs. the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) using the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system after trapping the resulting magnetic bioconjugates on each of the four working electrodes of a disposable quadruple transduction platform (SP4CEs). The bioplatform demonstrated attractive operational characteristics for clinical application and was employed to determine the individual or total hIgs classes in serum from healthy individuals and from patients diagnosed with SLE and AD. The target concentrations in AD patients are provided for the first time in this work. In addition, the results for SLE patients and control individuals agree with those obtained by applying ELISA tests as well as with the clinical ranges reported by other authors, using individual detection methodologies restricted to centralized settings or clinical laboratories.

Arévalo, Beatriz, et al. “Anti-Double Stranded DNA Antibodies: Electrochemical Isotyping in Autoimmune and Neurological Diseases.” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1257, 2023, p. 341153.


If you have any questions about our Anti-dsDNA ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.

Eagle Biosciences will be at ASN Kidney Week in Philadelphia, PA!

Eagle Biosciences will be at ASN Kidney Week next week, Thursday, November 2 to Sunday, November 5, at the Pennsylvania Convention Center. Stop by booth #1642 to learn more about Intact FGF23, Fetuin A, and other assays that could help you with your kidney related research! We’ll be there to answer any questions you may have, or stop and say hi! We love seeing our customers!


Product Highlights

Intact FGF23: This CLEIA ELISA is a unique and highly accurate assay for the measurement of FGF23, which has been linked to impaired renal function.

Fetuin A (PTM): This ELISA is a unique immunoassay for the measurement of Fetuin-A with specific post translational modifications in urine samples. This biomarker has shown to be an early indicator of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).


If you have questions about either of these products or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Serotonin Sensitive ELISA Kit was highlighted in a recent publication that focused on dietary tryptophan deficiency. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

Micronutrient deficiency is a major cause of disease throughout the world. Yet, how perturbations influence the immune-microbiome interface remains poorly understood. Here, we report that loss of dietary tryptophan (Trp) reshapes intestinal microbial communities, including the depletion of probiotic L. reuteri, drives tran- scriptional changes to immune response genes in the intestinal ileum, and reshapes the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment. Dietary Trp deficiency promotes expansion of RORgt+ Treg cells and the loss of Gata3+ Tregs in a microbiota-dependent manner. In the absence of dietary Trp, provision of the AhR ligand indole-3-carbinol is sufficient to restore the Treg compartment. Together, these data show that dietary Trp deficiency perturbs the interaction between the host and its bacterial symbionts to regulate Treg homeosta- sis via the deprivation of bacterially derived Trp metabolites. Our findings highlight an essential role for im- mune-microbiome crosstalk as a key homeostatic regulator during nutrient deficiency.

Rankin, Lucille C., et al. “Dietary Tryptophan Deficiency Promotes Gut Rorγt+ Treg Cells at the Expense of GATA3+ Treg Cells and Alters Commensal Microbiota Metabolism.” Cell Reports, vol. 42, no. 3, 2023, p. 112135.


If you have any questions about the Serotonin Sensitive ELISA Kit or our other offerings, please contact us here.

The Eagle Bioscience’s Calprotectin ELISA Assay was utilized in a recent publication that explored how fecal keratin 8 is a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal injury. Check out the full text and abstract below!


Abstract

Specific biomarkers of intestinal injury associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are needed to diagnose and monitor intestinal mucosal injury and recovery. This study aims to develop and test a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol to detect the total keratin 8 (K8) in the stool of newborns with NEC and investigate the clinical value of fecal K8 as a marker of intestinal injury specifically associated with NEC. We collected fecal samples from five newborns with NEC and five gestational age-matched premature neonates without NEC at the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford and Washington University School of Medicine, respectively. Fecal K8 levels were measured using a modified ELISA protocol and Western blot, and fecal calprotectin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Clinical data, including gestational age, birth weight, Bell stage for NEC, feeding strategies, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and other pertinent clinical variables, were collected and analyzed. Fecal K8 levels were significantly higher in the pre-NEC group (1–2 days before diagnosis of NEC) and NEC group than those in the non-NEC group. Moreover, fecal K8 was relatively higher at the onset of NEC and declined after the resolution of the disease. Results with similar trends to fecal K8 were also seen in fecal calprotectin, but not seen in total WBC count. In conclusion, a modified ELISA protocol for the total K8 protein was successfully developed for the detection of fecal K8 in the clinical setting of premature newborns with NEC. Fecal K8 is noted to be significantly increased in premature newborns with NEC and may, therefore, serve as a noninvasive and specific marker for intestinal epithelial injury associated with NEC.

Wang, Kewei, et al. “Fecal Keratin 8 Is a Noninvasive and Specific Marker for Intestinal Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.” Journal of Immunology Research, vol. 2023, 2023, pp. 1–8.


If you have any questions about our Calprotectin ELISA Assay or any of our other offerings, contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Bevacizumab mAb-based ELISA was utilized in a recent publication! This study focused on sustained ocular delivery of Bevacizumab using densomeres in rabbits. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Abstract

Purpose: To demonstrate that a single administration of an anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibody, when integrated into a novel biodegradable Densomere composed only of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and polymer, maintains molecular integrity, sustained release, and prolonged bioactivity in vitro and in vivo for up to 12 months.

Methods: Bevacizumab, a high-molecular-weight antibody (140,000–150,000 Da) was incorporated at 5% loading into Densomere microparticle carriers (DMCs) for injection to observe in vitro release over time from an aqueous suspension. The molecular integrity of the released bevacizumab was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and size-exclusion chromatography–high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC). Anti-angiogenic bioactivity in vivo was assessed using the rabbit corneal suture model for suppression of neovascular encroachment from the limbus following a single subconjunctival administration.

Results: Continuous release of bevacizumab in vitro was observed in serial samples over a period of 12 months. ELISA and SEC-HPLC yielded profiles from aqueous supernatant samples indistinguishable from the reference bevacizumab. A single subconjunctival administration in rabbit eyes significantly suppressed corneal neovascularization in vivo compared to control eyes for 12 months.

Conclusions: The Densomere carrier platform maintained the molecular integrity of bevacizumab with a prolonged release profile in vitro and demonstrated sustained in vivo drug delivery with continuous bioactivity in the rabbit cornea eye model for 12 months.

Translational Relevance: The Densomere platform provides a significant opportunity for prolonged delivery of biologics in ocular and other tissues.

Peterson, Jan S., et al. “Sustained Ocular Delivery of Bevacizumab Using Densomeres in Rabbits: Effects on Molecular Integrity and Bioactivity.” Translational Vision Science & Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, p. 28.


If you have any questions about our Bevacizumab mAb-based ELISA or our other offerings, please contact us here.

Dopamine Sensitive ELISA Assay Utilized in Recent Publication

The Eagle Bioscience’s Histamine ELISA Assay was highlighted in a recent publication that explored how exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Check out the full text and abstract below.


Background

Mast cells utilize SNAREs (soluble-N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) and SM (Sec1/Munc18) proteins to secrete/exocytose a variety of proinflammatory mediators. However, whether a common SNARE-SM machinery is responsible remains unclear.

Methods

Four vesicle/granule-anchored SNAREs (VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP7, and VAMP8) and two Munc18 homologs (Munc18a and Munc18b) were systematically knocked down or knocked out in RBL-2H3 mast cells and antigen-induced release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, serotonin, and TNF was examined. Phenotypes were validated by rescue experiments. Immunofluorescence studies were performed to determine the subcellular distribution of key players.

Results

The reduction of VAMP8 expression inhibited the exocytosis of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, and serotonin but not TNF. Unexpectedly, however, confocal microscopy revealed substantial co-localization between VAMP8 and TNF, and between TNF and serotonin. Meanwhile, the depletion of other VAMPs, including knockout of VAMP3, had no impact on the release of any of the mediators examined. On the other hand, TNF exocytosis was diminished specifically in stable Munc18bknockdown cells, in a fashion that was rescued by exogenous, RNAi-resistant Munc18b. In line with this, TNF was co-localized with Munc18b (47%) to a much greater extent than with Munc18a (13%).

Conclusion

Distinct exocytic pathways exist in mast cells for the release of different mediators.

Adhikari, P., Ayo, T.E., Vines, J.C. et al. Exocytic machineries differentially control mediator release from allergen-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Inflamm. Res. 72, 639–649 (2023).


If you have any questions about our Histamine ELISA Assay or our other offerings, please contact us here.