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A recent study was conducted by the University Health Science Center utilizing the Chromogranin A ELISA in our Cancer Biomarker Assay Kit Line.  The Cancer Biomarker Assay Kit Line offered Eagle Biosciences provides a comprehensive array of sensitive and valuable tools to assist researchers in new emerging market segments in cancer research such as tumor marker and antitumor therapy investigation. Check out the product pages for full details on the kit or view the links below to find a new publication referencing our Chromogranin A ELISA.  Our Chromogranin A ELISA is for Research Use Only.

 

Citation:

Hsu, C. et al “Chromogranin A levels and mortality in patients with severe sepsis.” Biomarkers: 20(3):171-176.

Study Summary:

 

Chromogranin A (CgA) is a novel biomarker with potential to assess mortality risk of patients with severe sepsis. Serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels were measured in 50 hospitalized, severely septic patients with organ failure using EageBio’s commercially available human Chromogranin A ELISA Assay Kit. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of CgA levels and mortality risk of severely septic patients. 

The results of this study revealed higher CgA levels that trended toward higher ICU and hospital mortality. Patients without cardiovascular disease who died in the ICU had higher median (IQR) CgA levels 602.3 (343.3, 1134.3) ng/ml versus 205.5 (130.7, 325.9) ng/ml, p = 0.01. Normal serum CgA level in healthy adults is less than 100 ng/ml. Based on these results and that overall data from this study, it was concluded that high CgA levels predict ICU mortality in severely septic patients without prior cardiovascular disease.

 

 

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A year ago we discussed the quest for new types of therapy for C. difficile infections and brought to light the radical new treatment with ingestion of stool.  Last year we shared the study’s objective to investigate whether delivering FMT orally through capsules designed to open upon reaching the small intestine would be just as effective as other more invasive treatments such as delivering frozen fecal material for FMT either by colonoscopy or nasogastric tube.

OpenBiome (the nonprofit stool bank and research platform sponsoring this research) has continued to build up their stool bank (consisting of paid donors’ samples) and has collaborated with clinicians, hospitals, and researchers. In the past year, they commenced a multi-center, cluster randomized study that investigates the efficacy and safety of using encapsulated stool for Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating recurrent C. difficile. Treatment with a high dose after an initial nonresponse yielded an aggregate clinical cure rate of 94 percent… Read More

 

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What are Antibody-Drug Conjugates?

 

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)are a new type
of targeted therapy for cancer treatment that offer significant promise to
oncology-related areas. ADCs are cancer
cell specific monoclonal antibodies that are conjugated with highly potent
cyotoxics via a specific linker, which deliver and release the drug directly
inside the tumor cell. The ADC’s antibody binds with a specific receptor on the
target cell’s surface. The linkage is then broken and the ADC releases a lethal
toxin into the cell. ADCs, thus have potential to significantly increase target
specificity and reduce toxicity.

Ideally, this targeted therapeutic approach attacks
diseased cells while leaving healthy ones alone. This is a strategy that could
result in more effective treatments for cancer and other diseases with fewer
toxic side effects than current traditional chemotherapies.

Why Measure Antibody-Drug Conjugates?

Measurement of circulating specific cytotoxic ADCs are extremely important for pre-clinical and clinical studies to help
discover unique, targeted, efficacious, and safer anticancer treatments. In fact, their ability to directly target and
deliver highly potent cytotoxic agent to tumor cells creates a more favorable therapeutic
window than would be achieved by the administration of free cytotoxic agent.

The antibody–drug conjugate field has made
significant progress recently due to careful optimization of several parameters
such as mAb specificity, drug potency, linker technology, and the stoichiometry
and placement of conjugated drugs. Measuring such analytes provide unique
insight and incredible value to cancer research, and
more specifically antitumor therapeutic investigation.

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Conjugate ELISA Assays

 

References:

1 .Alley S. et al. “Antibody–drug conjugates: targeted drug delivery for cancer.”Next Generation Therapeutics. 14(4):529-527.

2. Girish, S. et al. “Clinical pharmacology of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): an antibody–drug conjugate in development for the treatment of HER2-positive cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012; 69:1229–1240.

3.Ornes, S. et al. “Antibody–drug conjugates.” PNAS. 2013; 110(34): 13695. 

Sfn’s 45th annual meeting is the premier venue for neuroscientists to present emerging science, learn from experts, forge collaborations with peers, explore new tools and technologies, and advance careers. As always it was quite an event this year and Eagle Biosciences was proud to be part of it!

Thank you to everyone that stopped by our booth to say hello, connect, and learn about our Neurobiology assays and other products.

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Eagle Biosciences’ BI-CAT ELISA is a unique assay in our Neurobiology Assay Kit line with a wide dynamic range, and it provides the ability to measure both urine and plasma samples. 

The Neurobiology Assay Kit line offered Eagle Biosciences provides a comprehensive array of sensitive tools to measure catecholamines, biogenic amines, and numerous neuroscience-related analytes on various types of samples. Check the product pages for full details on the kit or view the links below to find a new publications referencing our BI-CAT ELISA.

 

Recent Citation Utilizing EagleBio’s BI-CAT ELISA:

Li, P. et al.  “Long-Lasting Reduction of Blood Pressure by Electroacupuncture in Patients with Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial.” Medical Acupuncture 2015: 27 (4):253-265.

Study Summary:

Hypertension is one of the most common clinical disorders in the world and there is a great need to search for a therapy that offers minimal adverse effects. There is also a need for targeted approaches directed at the underlying mechanisms of hypertension. 

The objective of this study was to examine effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) at select acupoints to reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) in hypertensive patients. Eagle Biosciences’ BI-CAT ELISA was to measure norepinephrine, and epinephrine for assessing secondary outcomes examining underlying mechanisms of acupuncture with plasma concentrations before and after 8 weeks of treatment. After
treatment, the plasma concentration of norepinephrine, which was initially elevated, was decreased by 41%;
likewise, renin was decreased by 67% and aldosterone by 22%.

This study revealed that EA at select acupoints reduces blood pressure. Sympathetic and renin-aldosterone systems were likely related to the long-lasting EA actions.

 

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Come visit us at Booth # 255! 

What are Biogenic Amines?

Biogenic amines are naturally occurring biologically active compounds with a low molecular weight and with one or more amine groups. They include three classes of neurotransmitters:

• Catecholamines: Dopamine, Noradrenaline, and Adrenaline

Catecholamine is the name of a group of aromatic amines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and their derivatives) which act as hormones and neurotransmitters, respectively.

• Indoleamines: Serotonin and Melatonin

Indoleamines are organic compounds made up of indole groups that have an amine group on them. Indoles, as nitrogen-containing molecules are involved in many biologically active molecules. Both melatonin and serotonin are neurohormones that play significant roles in the regulation of hormonal and neurological processes and responses to environmental stimuli in a wide range of species.

• Histamine:

Histamine (β-imidazole-ethylamine), a biogenic amine, is a product of the histidine metabolism. It is produced by decarboxylation of histidine. Histamine is widely distributed in mammalian tissues and it plays a major role in the initial phase of an anaphylactic reaction. It is also involved in the regulation of physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.

Why Measure Biogenic Amines?

Biogenic amines are implicated in a wide range of behaviors ranging from central homeostatic functions to cognitive phenomena such as attention. It is important to measure biogenic amines because of their involvement in these significant and intricate physiological functions within the body. In fact, they can be used to study numerous health conditions and disease states such as hypertension, degenerative cardiac diseases, schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. Measuring these analytes provide unique insight for assisting researchers at the forefront of neurobiology research and therapeutic drug targets.

 

References:

Murch, S. et al. Role of Indoleamines in Regulation of Morphogenesis in In Vitro Cultures of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Can. Int. Dev. Agency (CIDA) 2004; 425-

Purves, D et al., editors. The Biogenic Amines. Neuroscience 2nd edition 2001; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11035

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