Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is one of six binding proteins that regulate the bioavailability and activity of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly IGF-1 and IGF-2. Produced mainly by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, IGFBP-1 modulates IGF signaling by binding to IGFs, thereby controlling their interaction with IGF receptors. Its expression is highly sensitive to nutritional and hormonal changes, especially insulin levels; during fasting or low insulin states, IGFBP-1 levels increase, reflecting a dynamic role in metabolism and growth regulation.
In research and clinical contexts, IGFBP-1 serves as a biomarker for insulin sensitivity and metabolic status. It is often measured to assess fetal well-being during pregnancy, as elevated maternal IGFBP-1 levels can indicate placental dysfunction or risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Additionally, IGFBP-1 is studied as a marker in metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity, where altered levels reflect changes in insulin action and metabolic control. Its regulatory role in IGF activity also makes it a target of interest in cancer research, given IGFs’ involvement in cell proliferation and tumor growth.
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