Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and fluid homeostasis. It acts primarily on the kidneys to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion, which in turn helps control blood volume and systemic vascular resistance. Aldosterone secretion is tightly regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), responding to changes in blood pressure, sodium levels, and potassium concentration. Due to its central role in cardiovascular and renal physiology, aldosterone serves as a key biomarker in disorders related to hypertension and fluid imbalance.
In clinical and research settings, aldosterone measurement is commonly used to diagnose and manage conditions such as primary aldosteronism (a cause of secondary hypertension), heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Elevated aldosterone levels can indicate abnormal RAAS activation, contributing to resistant hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk. Monitoring aldosterone is also important in assessing the efficacy of treatments like mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Additionally, research into aldosterone’s broader effects on inflammation and fibrosis is expanding its utility as a biomarker for cardiovascular and renal disease progression.
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