Antibodies to dupilumab, also known as anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), are immune responses generated against the therapeutic monoclonal antibody dupilumab. These ADAs may develop in some patients as a result of the immune system recognizing dupilumab as a foreign protein, especially given its recombinant human origin. In clinical and research settings, monitoring for anti-dupilumab antibodies is essential for understanding variations in drug exposure, potential loss of efficacy, and immunogenicity-related adverse effects.
The detection and quantification of these antibodies can inform therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) programs, especially in patients who exhibit reduced clinical response or allergic reactions during treatment for atopic dermatitis, asthma, or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Presence of neutralizing antibodies may interfere with dupilumab’s mechanism of action—namely its binding to IL-4Rα and inhibition of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling—thus reducing its anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 immune-mediated conditions.
In a research context, evaluating antibody formation against dupilumab provides insights into patient-specific immune responses and helps guide the development of biosimilars or next-generation IL-4Rα antagonists. Clinically, regular assessment of ADA status may improve individualized dosing strategies, enhance treatment outcomes, and support patient stratification in cases of treatment failure or hypersensitivity.
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