17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH progesterone) is a steroid hormone produced primarily in the adrenal glands and ovaries as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cortisol and sex steroids. It belongs to the family of progestogens and plays a critical role in the steroidogenesis pathway, serving as a precursor to both glucocorticoids and androgens. Because of its position in hormone synthesis, levels of 17-OH progesterone reflect the activity of enzymes involved in adrenal and gonadal steroid production, particularly 21-hydroxylase.
In clinical and research settings, 17-OH progesterone is widely used as a biomarker to diagnose and monitor congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a genetic disorder caused most commonly by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Elevated 17-OH progesterone levels indicate impaired cortisol synthesis, leading to the accumulation of this hormone and resulting in androgen excess. Measurement of 17-OH progesterone is also used in assessing adrenal function, investigating disorders of sexual development, and evaluating adrenal tumors. In research, it serves as an important marker to study steroidogenic pathways and hormonal imbalances related to metabolic and endocrine diseases.
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